Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30025140›Full record

ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2018

A Novel Tree Shrew (Tupaia belangeri) Model of Glaucoma.

Brian C Samuels, John T Siegwart, Wenjie Zhan, Lisa Hethcox, Melissa Chimento, Ryan Whitley, J Crawford Downs, Christopher A Girkin

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Unexpected Retinal Abnormalities in the Cone-Dominant Northern Tree Shrew.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. A Novel Tree Shrew Model of Diabetic Retinopathy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021
    Article
  18. A novel tree shrew model of pulmonary fibrosis.Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology · 2021
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Brian C SamuelsDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
John T SiegwartDepartment of Vision Sciences, School of Optometry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
Wenjie ZhanDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
Lisa HethcoxDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
Melissa ChimentoHigh Resolution Imaging Facility, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
Ryan WhitleyDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
J Crawford DownsDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
Christopher A GirkinDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama, United States.
University of Alabama at Birmingham · US

Funding

Visual Phenotyping CoreP30EY003039 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI LAWRENCE C SINCICH · 1985 to 2026
$16.9M
Validation of the Tree Shrew as Model of GlaucomaR21EY026218 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI SAMUELS, BRIAN CHRISTOPHER · 2016 to 2017
$404k
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY003039NEI NIH HHS R21 EY026218
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: Primates and rodents are used widely as animal models of glaucoma, but each has significant limitations. Researchers need additional animal models that closely resemble the relevant anatomy and pathologic features of the human disease to more quickly advance research. We validate a novel glaucoma animal model in tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri). Methods: Experimental glaucoma was induced in adult tree shrews (n = 8) by injecting 50 μL of a 25 mg/mL ferromagnetic bead solution into the anterior chamber. Beads were directed into the iridocorneal angle with a magnet to impede aqueous outflow. Animals were followed for 3 months with weekly IOP measurements and biweekly spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images of the optic nerve head. Histopathology of the optic nerve and optic nerve axon counts were completed at the end of the study. Results: The 12-week average mean IOP was 22.7 ± 3.6 and 8.6 ± 2.9 mm Hg in the treated and control eyes, respectively. Longitudinal analysis showed significant retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning throughout the study. Axon counts were significantly reduced (59.7%) in treated versus control eyes. SD-OCT imaging showed cupping and posterior displacement of the lamina cribrosa in glaucomatous eyes. RNFL thickness and optic nerve axon counts were reduced consistent with IOP elevation. Optic nerves demonstrated histopathology consistent with glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Conclusions: Tree shrews with experimental glaucoma show key pathologic characteristics of the human disease. The tree shrew model of glaucoma has the potential to help researchers accelerate our understanding of glaucoma pathophysiology.

Indexed as

Disease Models, AnimalMagnetsMicrospheresAnimalsAnterior ChamberAxonsFemaleGlaucomaIntraocular PressureMaleOcular HypertensionOptic DiskRetinaTomography, Optical CoherenceTonometry, OcularTupaia

Identifiers

PMID30025140
PMCPMC6018453
OpenAlexW2884282888

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.