ArticlePloS one2018
Risk factors of vitamin D deficiency among 15-year-old adolescents participating in the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team Study (MyHeARTs).
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nutrient intakes of pregnant and lactating women in Indonesia and Malaysia: Systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D insufficiency is high in Malaysia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies on vitamin D status in Malaysia.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Article
- The Association of Vitamin D, Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), and Glial Cell-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) with Development in Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Association of bone turnover C-terminal telopeptide levels, 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and calcium intake in Malaysian adolescents.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- A review of vitamin D deficiency and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms in endocrine-related disorders.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2025Article
- Association Between Vitamin D Levels and Developmental Status in Short-Stature Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of an e-Book on Bone Health as Educational Material for Adolescents: Single-Group Experimental Study.JMIR pediatrics and parenting · 2024Article
- Beyond the Tropics: Unraveling the Complex Relationship between Sun Exposure, Dietary Intake, and Vitamin D Deficiency in Coastal Malaysians.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Article
- An Update on Vitamin D Deficiency Status in Malaysia.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Vitamin D Supplementation Should Be Considered for the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection in Malaysia in View of the High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2021Article
- Longitudinal assessment between lifestyle-related risk factors and a composite cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk index among adolescents in Malaysia.Scientific reports · 2021Observational
- Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Modifiable Lifestyle Factors in Pre-Adolescent Children Living in Urban Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Comparison of Vitamin D Levels, Bone Metabolic Marker Levels, and Bone Mineral Density among Patients with Thyroid Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Article
- Article
- Status and influential factors of vitamin D among children aged 0 to 6 years in a Chinese population.BMC public health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThis study is to determine the prevalence and risk factors of vitamin D deficiency (vitamin D ≤ 50 nmol/L) among 15-year-old Malaysian adolescents. By identifying potential risk factors, prevention strategies and interventions can be carried out to improve the vitamin D status in adolescents. METHODS AND
findingsStratified random sampling design was used to select adolescents from 15 urban and rural secondary schools in Selangor, Perak and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Data collection was carried out from 1st April 2014 to 30th June 2014. Information regarding socio-demographic characteristics, sun exposure and sun protective behaviours, clinical data and environmental factors were collected. Blood for total vitamin D was sampled. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. Total 1061 participants were analyzed (62% were female; mean age 15.1 ± 0.4 years). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 33%. Mean vitamin D was lower in female (53 ± 15 nmol), obese (body fat percentage (≥25%m; ≥33.8%f) (56 ± 16 nmol/L), Malays (58 ± 18 nmol/L) and Indians (58 ± 15 nmol/L). In multivariate analysis, female (OR = 5.5; 95% CI: 3.4-7.5), Malay (OR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.3-8.0), Indian (OR = 4.3; 95% CI: 1.6-12.0) and those always wearing long sleeve (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.1-5.4) were more likely to have vitamin D deficiency. For female participants, ethnicity {Malays (OR = 6.7; 95% CI: 2.0-18.5), Indian (OR = 4.5; 95% CI: 1.8-19.3)} was an important risk factors. Cloud cover, school residence, skin pigmentation, sun-exposure and sun-protective behaviours were not significant risk factors. The limitation of this study was recall bias as it relied on self-reported on the sun exposure and protective behaviours. The diet factors were not included in this analysis.
conclusionsThe prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency among Malaysian adolescents was considerable. Gender, ethnicity and clothing style were important risk factors.
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