Trial reportThe Journal of clinical investigation2018
Th1 memory differentiates recombinant from live herpes zoster vaccines.
Trial report in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenicity and safety of live attenuated and recombinant/inactivated varicella zoster vaccines in people living with HIV: A systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Pooled it
- Efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of herpes zoster vaccine in the immunocompetent and immunocompromised subjects: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Immunosenescence: A systems-level overview of immune cell biology and strategies for improving vaccine responses.Experimental gerontology · 2019Pooled it
- Impaired cellular immune responses to herpes zoster subunit vaccine in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving Janus kinase inhibitors.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2026Trial
- Predictors of 5-Year Persistence of Antibody Responses to Zoster Vaccines.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Cell-Mediated Immune Responses After Administration of the Live or the Recombinant Zoster Vaccine: 5-Year Persistence.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Trial
- Adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine in adult autologous stem cell transplant recipients: polyfunctional immune responses and lessons for clinical practice.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Trial
- Comparative Antibody Responses to the Live-Attenuated and Recombinant Herpes Zoster Vaccines.Journal of virology · 2021Trial
- Live attenuated varicella-zoster virus vaccine does not induce HIV target cell activation.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Trial
- A modular nanoparticle display strategy for varicella-zoster virus gE based on a licensed protein scaffold.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Potent and Long-Lasting Immunogenicity Generated by LNP-mRNA gE Antigen Against Varicella Zoster Virus via an AI-Assisted Pipeline.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Antigen-specific TScience advances · 2026Article
- KA101 outperforms other clinical adjuvants in inducing balanced Th1/Th2 immunity and robust B cell responses to varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The recombinant zoster vaccine induces trained immunity in monocytes through persistent downregulation of TGFβ.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Antiviral Inactivated Vaccines: Looking to the Past to Face the Future-A Narrative Review.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Effect of Different Adjuvants on the Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Herpes Zoster Vaccine in Mice, Rats and Non-Human Primates.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Review
- The Reduced Immunogenicity of Zoster Vaccines in CMV-Seropositive Older Adults Correlates with T Cell Imprinting.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Exploring the Potential Stimuli and Deterrents of Varicella-Zoster Viral Reactivation: A Scoping Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- A vaccine against cytomegalovirus: how close are we?The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus (VZV) glycoprotein E (gE) subunit herpes zoster vaccine (HZ/su) confers higher protection against HZ than the live attenuated zoster vaccine (ZV). To understand the immunologic basis for the different efficacies of the vaccines, we compared immune responses to the vaccines in adults 50 to 85 years old. gE-specific T cells were very low/undetectable before vaccination when analyzed by FluoroSpot and flow cytometry. Both ZV and HZ/su increased gE-specific responses, but at peak memory response (PMR) after vaccination (30 days after ZV or after the second dose of HZ/su), gE-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses were 10-fold or more higher in HZ/su compared with ZV recipients. Comparing the vaccines, T cell memory responses, including gE-IL-2+ and VZV-IL-2+ spot-forming cells (SFCs), were higher in HZ/su recipients and cytotoxic and effector responses were lower. At 1 year after vaccination, all gE-Th1 and VZV-IL-2+ SFCs remained higher in HZ/su compared with ZV recipients. Mediation analyses showed that IL-2+ PMR were necessary for the persistence of Th1 responses to either vaccine and VZV-IL-2+ PMR explained 73% of the total effect of HZ/su on persistence. This emphasizes the biological importance of the memory responses, which were clearly superior in HZ/su compared with ZV participants.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.