Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30021658›Full record

ArticleAlzheimer's research & therapy2018

The Toronto Cognitive Assessment (TorCA): normative data and validation to detect amnestic mild cognitive impairment.

Morris Freedman, Larry Leach, M Carmela Tartaglia, Kathryn A Stokes, Yael Goldberg, Robyn Spring, Nima Nourhaghighi, Tom Gee, Stephen C Strother, Mohammad O Alhaj and 23 more

Erratum issued Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Alzheimer's research & therapy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT06529744 (Improving Prognostic Confidence in Neurodegenerative Diseases Causing Dementia Using Peripheral Biomarkers and Integrative Modeling), which is not on this map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
3.7field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06529744 recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Improving Prognostic Confidence in Neurodegenerative Diseases Causing Dementia Using Peripheral Biomarkers and Integrative Modeling

Typeobservational_patient_registrySponsorUniversity Health Network, TorontoRan2023 to 2027Enrolled500ConditionsDementia, Alzheimer Disease, Dementia With Lewy Bodies, Vascular Dementia
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Recommendations of the 5th Canadian Consensus Conference on the diagnosis and treatment of dementia.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2020
    Guideline
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Distinct inflammatory profiles in young-onset versus late-onset Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Observational
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Diagnostic Precision in the Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Comparison of Two Approaches.The American journal of geriatric psychiatry : official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry · 2022
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Feasibility of unattended home sleep apnea testing in a cognitively impaired clinic population.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

33 authors at 10 institutions in 1 country.

Morris FreedmanDepartment of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. mfreedman@baycrest.org.ORCID 0000-0003-4003-6158
Larry LeachToronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.
M Carmela TartagliaDepartment of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Kathryn A StokesBaycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
Yael GoldbergBaycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
Robyn SpringRotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Nima NourhaghighiToronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Tom GeeRotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Stephen C StrotherRotman Research Institute of Baycrest Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mohammad O AlhajBaycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
Michael BorrieLawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
Sultan DarveshDepartment of Medicine (Neurology and Geriatric Medicine) and Department of Medical Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Alita FernandezBaycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
Corinne E FischerToronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Jennifer FogartyLawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada.
Barry D GreenbergToronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Michelle GyenesBaycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
Nathan HerrmannToronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Ron KerenToronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Josh KirsteinBaycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
Sanjeev KumarToronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Benjamin LamDepartment of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Suvendrini LenaDepartment of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mary Pat McAndrewsToronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Gary NaglieBaycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
Robert PartridgeToronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Tarek K RajjiToronto Dementia Research Alliance, Toronto, ON, Canada.
William ReichmannBaycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
M Uri WolfBaycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
Nicolaas P L G VerhoeffBaycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
Jordana L WasermanBaycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada.
Sandra E BlackDepartment of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
David F Tang-WaiDepartment of Medicine (Neurology), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Baycrest Hospital · CAUniversity Health Network · CAUniversity of Toronto · CACentre for Addiction and Mental Health · CASunnybrook Health Science Centre · CALawson Health Research Institute · CAToronto Dementia Research Alliance · CADalhousie University · CAMount Sinai Hospital · CASt. Michael's Hospital · CA

Funding

NATIONAL ALZHEIMERS COORDINATING CENTER (NACC)U01AG016976 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI KUKULL, WALTER ANTHONY · 1999 to 2020
$72.8M
NIA NIH HHS U01 AG016976
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundA need exists for easily administered assessment tools to detect mild cognitive changes that are more comprehensive than screening tests but shorter than a neuropsychological battery and that can be administered by physicians, as well as any health care professional or trained assistant in any medical setting. The Toronto Cognitive Assessment (TorCA) was developed to achieve these goals.

methodsWe obtained normative data on the TorCA (n = 303), determined test reliability, developed an iPad version, and validated the TorCA against neuropsychological assessment for detecting amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) (n = 50/57, aMCI/normal cognition). For the normative study, healthy volunteers were recruited from the Rotman Research Institute registry. For the validation study, the sample was comprised of participants with aMCI or normal cognition based on neuropsychological assessment. Cognitively normal participants were recruited from both healthy volunteers in the normative study sample and the community.

resultsThe TorCA provides a stable assessment of multiple cognitive domains. The total score correctly classified 79% of participants (sensitivity 80%; specificity 79%). In an exploratory logistic regression analysis, indices of Immediate Verbal Recall, Delayed Verbal and Visual Recall, Visuospatial Function, and Working Memory/Attention/Executive Control, a subset of the domains assessed by the TorCA, correctly classified 92% of participants (sensitivity 92%; specificity 91%). Paper and iPad version scores were equivalent.

conclusionsThe TorCA can improve resource utilization by identifying patients with aMCI who may not require more resource-intensive neuropsychological assessment. Future studies will focus on cross-validating the TorCA for aMCI, and validation for disorders other than aMCI.

Indexed as

Neuropsychological TestsAgedAged, 80 and overAge FactorsAmnesiaCognitive DysfunctionFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedReference ValuesReproducibility of ResultsCognitive assessmentDiagnosisMild cognitive impairmentNormative studyTorCAToronto Cognitive AssessmentValidation

Identifiers

PMID30021658
PMCPMC6052695
OpenAlexW2882991683

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.