Observational studyPloS one2018
Twenty-year trend in mortality among hospitalized patients with pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia.
Observational study in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine injections for older adults with community-acquired pneumonia: An evidence map.Medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pathogenic mechanisms and resistance profiles of microbial pulmonary infections in lung cancer: a systematic review.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Burden of pneumococcal disease among adults in Southern Europe (Spain, Portugal, Italy, and Greece): a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Pooled it
- Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with COVID-19 infection: a systematic review.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2021Pooled it
- Guideline-concordant therapy for community-onset pneumonia considering risk factors for drug-resistant pathogens: a propensity score-matched study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Disease Trends and Mortality From Invasive Pneumococcal Disease: A Long-Term Population-Based Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Nomogram for predicting 28-day mortality in bacterial pneumonia with sepsis and acute kidney injury: A study based on the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database.SAGE open medicine · 2026Article
- Comparison of Typical and Atypical Community Acquired Pneumonia Cases in Hospitalized Patients in Two Tertiary Centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2025Article
- ASPirin for Acute Pneumonia in the elderlY (ASPAPY): protocol of a multicentre randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Impact of Respiratory Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) on Antibiotic Stewardship: A Real-World Experience.Cureus · 2025Article
- Community-acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia in ICU: a multicenter retrospective study.Annals of intensive care · 2024Article
- Diabetes Mellitus and Pneumococcal Pneumonia.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Outcomes and Functional Deterioration in Hospital Admissions with Acute Hypoxemia.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2024Observational
- Observational
- Acute Coronary Syndrome, Stroke, and Mortality after Community-Acquired Pneumonia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Nomogram for predicting in-hospital mortality of nonagenarians with community-acquired pneumonia.Geriatrics & gerontology international · 2022Article
- Clinical Features and Outcomes of Community-Acquired Pneumonia Caused byOpen forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- A Double Whammy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature on Pneumococcal Coinfection in COVID-19 Patients.Cureus · 2021Article
- Noninvasive ventilation in critically ill very old patients with pneumonia: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.PloS one · 2021Article
- Management of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections and of patients with chronic lung diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic (as of 9 May 2020) : Statement of the Austrian Society of Pneumology (ASP).Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is only limited information on mortality over extended periods in hospitalized patients with pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). We aimed to evaluate the 30-day mortality and whether is changed over a 20-year period among immunocompetent adults hospitalized with pneumococcal CAP.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of data that were prospectively collected at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona of all adult patients hospitalized with diagnosis of pneumococcal CAP over a 20-year period. To aid analysis, results were divided into four periods of 5 years each (1997-2001, 2002-2006, 2007-2011, 2012-2016). The primary outcome was 30-day mortality, but secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) admission, lengths of hospital and ICU-stays, ICU-mortality, and need of mechanical ventilation.
resultsFrom a cohort of 6,403 patients with CAP, we analyzed the data for 1,120 (17%) adults with a diagnosis of pneumococcal CAP. Over time, we observed decreases in the rates of alcohol consumption, smoking, influenza vaccination, and older patients (age ≥65 years), but increases in admissions to ICU and the need for non-invasive mechanical ventilation. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 8% (95% confidence interval, 6%-9%; 84 of 1,120 patients) and did not change significantly between periods (p = 0.33). Although, we observed a decrease in ICU-mortality comparing the first period (26%) to the second one (10%), statistical differences disappeared with adjustment (p0.38).
conclusionOver time, 30-day mortality of hospitalized pneumococcal CAP did not change significantly. Nor did it change in the propensity-adjusted multivariable analysis. Since mortality in pneumococcal pneumonia has remained unaltered for many years despite the availability of antimicrobial agents with proven in vitro activity, other non-antibiotic strategies should be investigated.
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