ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2019
Plasma Immunoglobulin A Responses Against 2 Salmonella Typhi Antigens Identify Patients With Typhoid Fever.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed.
- A case for eliminating Widal testing for enteric fever, India.Bulletin of the World Health Organization · 2026Article
- Use of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Hemolysin E and Lipopolysaccharide IgA to Identify Enteric Fever Cases, South Asia.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Estimating Enteric Fever Seroincidence in Bangladesh Using Rapid Serosurveys.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Estimating enteric fever seroincidence in Bangladesh using rapid serosurveys.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Leveraging paired serology to estimate the incidence of typhoidal Salmonella infection in the STRATAA study.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cell responses inOxford open immunology · 2025Article
- Isolation and characterization of DNA aptamers against the HlyE antigen of Salmonella Typhi.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Evaluation of a point-of-care multiplex immunochromatographic assay for the diagnosis of typhoid: results from a retrospective diagnostic accuracy study.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2024Observational
- Clinical characteristics of enteric fever and performance of TUBEX TF IgM test in Indonesian hospitals.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- The Identification of Enteric Fever-Specific Antigens for Population-Based Serosurveillance.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Typhoid fever.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Seroepidemiology for Enteric Fever: Emerging Approaches and Opportunities.Open forum infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Comparative Analysis of Commercially Available Typhoid Point-of-Care Tests: Results of a Prospective and Hybrid Retrospective Multicenter Diagnostic Accuracy Study in Kenya and Pakistan.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2022Article
- Seroincidence of Enteric Fever, Juba, South Sudan.Emerging infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Estimating typhoid incidence from community-based serosurveys: a multicohort study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2022Article
- The Burden of Typhoid Fever in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Perspective.Research and reports in tropical medicine · 2022Review
- An age-stratified serosurvey against purified Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi antigens in the Lao People´s Democratic Republic.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- Ileal Perforation and Enteric Fever: Implications for Burden of Disease Estimation.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Performance of Immunodiagnostic Tests for Typhoid Fever: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Enteric Fever Diagnosis: Current Challenges and Future Directions.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is a need for a reliable, simple diagnostic assay for typhoid fever. Available commercial serologic assays for typhoid fever have limited sensitivity and specificity. Using high-throughput immunoscreening technologies, we previously identified several immunoreactive Salmonella Typhi antigens that seem promising for possible inclusion in a new diagnostic assay: hemolysin E (HlyE), cytolethal distending toxin, S. Typhi lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and S. Typhi membrane preparation.
methodsWe assessed plasma antibody responses (immunoglobulin [Ig] M, IgA, and IgG) to these antigens by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in patients with suspected enteric fever, controls with other febrile illnesses, and healthy controls in Dhaka, Bangladesh and performed Tubex and Typhidot tests, the Widal assay, and the typhoid/paratyphoid test (TPTest) in each patient. Using machine learning methods, we identified a parsimonious serology signature to distinguish acute typhoid cases from controls and then validated our findings in an independent test cohort from Nepal of patients with culture-confirmed S. Typhi and controls with other bacteremic illnesses.
resultsWe demonstrated that the use of 2 antigens (HlyE and LPS) with 1 antibody isotype (IgA) could distinguish typhoid from other invasive bacterial infections (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC], 0.95; sensitivity, 90%, specificity, 92%). Use of a single antigen (HlyE) and isotype (IgA) had an AUC of 0.93.
conclusionOur results suggest that development of a diagnostic assay for acute typhoid fever focused on detecting IgA responses against HlyE, with or without LPS, is warranted.
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