ArticleJournal of occupational and environmental medicine2018
Reducing Lethal Force Errors by Modulating Police Physiology.
Article in Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coping among public safety personnel: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Stress and health : journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress · 2021Pooled it
- Proactive psychological programs designed to mitigate posttraumatic stress injuries among at-risk workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Relationships Between Heart Rate Variability, Occupational Performance, and Fitness for Tactical Personnel: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in public health · 2020Pooled it
- Box breathing and prolonged exhalation reduces markers of physiological stress reactivity in response to a virtual trier social stress test.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2026Article
- Coping strategies and post traumatic stress injury symptoms differ between tactical and frontline police officers: implications for health and public safety.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Impact of stress on EEG functional connectivity during procedural learning.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2026Article
- The general intervention model of policing: a narrative review of the literature.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Physiological stress differentially impacts cognitive performance during-and memory following-simulated police encounters with persons experiencing a mental health crisis.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The neurobiology of interoception and affect.Trends in cognitive sciences · 2024Review
- Physiological Responses to Organizational Stressors Among Police Managers.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2024Article
- Psychophysiological insights and user perspectives: enhancing police de-escalation skills through full-body VR training.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Interoceptive ability moderates the effect of physiological reactivity on social judgment.Emotion (Washington, D.C.) · 2023Article
- A Biological Approach to Building Resilience and Wellness Capacity Among Police Exposed to Posttraumatic Stress Injuries: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Effects of Acute Stress on Psychophysiology in Armed Tactical Occupations: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Deep-Breathing Biofeedback Trainability in a Virtual-Reality Action Game: A Single-Case Design Study With Police Trainers.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities for Managing Potentially Volatile Police-Public Interactions: A Narrative Review.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Review
- Perception during use of force and the likelihood of firing upon an unarmed person.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Considering Objective and Subjective Measures for Police Use of Force Evaluation.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- A Reasonable Officer: Examining the Relationships Among Stress, Training, and Performance in a Highly Realistic Lethal Force Scenario.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
- Testing the Efficacy of a 1-Day Police Decision-Making and Autonomic Modulation Intervention: A Quasi-Random Pragmatic Controlled Trial.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe aim of this study was to test an intervention modifying officer physiology to reduce lethal force errors and improve health.
methodsA longitudinal, within-subjects intervention study was conducted with urban front-line police officers (n = 57). The physiological intervention applied an empirically validated method of enhancing parasympathetic engagement (ie, heart rate variability biofeedback) during stressful training that required lethal force decision-making.
resultsSignificant post-intervention reductions in lethal force errors, and in the extent and duration of autonomic arousal, were maintained across 12 months. Results at 18 months begin to return to pre-intervention levels.
conclusionWe provide objective evidence for a physiologically focused intervention in reducing errors in lethal force decision-making, improving health and safety for both police and the public. Results provide a timeline of skill retention, suggesting annual retraining to maintain health and safety gains.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.