ArticleInfluenza and other respiratory viruses2018
Comparison of hemagglutination inhibition, single radial hemolysis, virus neutralization assays, and ELISA to detect antibody levels against seasonal influenza viruses.
Article in Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05157425 (Efficacy and Safety of a Multistrain Probiotic Formula to Boost the Immune Response to Influenza Virus Vaccination), which is not on this map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy and Safety of a Multistrain Probiotic Formula to Boost the Immune Response to Influenza Virus Vaccination
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virus-induced pathogenesis, vaccine development, and diagnosis of novel H7N9 avian influenza A virus in humans: a systemic literature review.The Journal of international medical research · 2020Pooled it
- An mRNA-based seasonal influenza vaccine in adults: Results of two phase 3 randomized clinical trials and correlate of protection analysis of hemagglutination inhibition titers.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Trial
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- A DirectView focus reduction assay for high-throughput quantification of neutralizing antibodies against influenza A and B viruses.Cell reports methods · 2026Article
- Viral Vaccine Adjuvant Strategies for Shaping Durable Immunity Across the Human Lifespan.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Influenza strains in focus: global approaches to the diagnosis, treatment, and control of H1N1, H3N2, H7N9, and H9N2.Pathogens and global health · 2025Review
- Advances in Diagnostic Techniques for Influenza Virus Infection: A Comprehensive Review.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Review
- A Bioluminescent Imaging Mouse Model for Seasonal Influenza Virus Infection Based on a Pseudovirus System.Viruses · 2025Article
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- Review
- Seasonal influenza vaccines: Variability of immune responses to B lineage viruses.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Review
- Humoral Correlates of Protection Against Influenza A/H3N2 Virus Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Article
- Development and Application of a TaqMan RT-qPCR for the Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Pigs.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- A Polysaccharide-Based Oral-Vaccine Delivery System and Adjuvant for the Influenza Virus Vaccine.Vaccines · 2024Article
- A computationally optimized broadly reactive hemagglutinin vaccine elicits neutralizing antibodies against influenza B viruses from both lineages.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- The effect of metformin on influenza vaccine responses in nondiabetic older adults: a pilot trial.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2023Article
- The Spectrum of Influenza in Children.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- First Impressions Matter: Immune Imprinting and Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Influenza and SARS-CoV-2.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe immunological response to influenza vaccine and/or natural infection is evaluated by serological techniques, the most common being hemagglutination inhibition (HI), single radial hemolysis (SRH), and virus neutralization assays, which is commonly used in a micro-neutralization (MN) format. ELISA is not officially required; however, this assay is able to measure different class-specific antibodies. The four assays identify different sets or subsets of antibodies.
objectivesThe aim of this study was to establish the correlation among four serological assays using four seasonal influenza strains.
methodsThe HI, SRH, MN assays, and ELISA were performed on four seasonal influenza strains.
resultsA strong positive correlation was found between HI and MN and between SRH and MN assays for influenza A strains. The B strains also showed good correlations among the three assays. A positive correlation was also found between ELISA and the "classical" assays for all strains. Concerning the correlates of protection, as defined by HI ≥ 40 and SRH ≥ 25 mm
conclusionsThere is a positive strong correlation among the four serological assays for both A and B strains, especially for the HI and MN assays. There is good agreement on correlates of protection between HI and SRH assays for the A strains, but very low agreement for the B strains, suggesting higher sensitivity of SRH than HI assay in detecting antibodies against the influenza B viruses.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.