ArticleBMJ open sport & exercise medicine2018
Risk factors associated with injury and concussion in sanctioned amateur and professional mixed martial arts bouts in Calgary, Alberta.
Article in BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevention strategies and modifiable risk factors for concussion: a systematic review and meta-analysis for the Female, woman and girl/or Athlete Injury pRevention (FAIR) consensus.British journal of sports medicine · 2025Pooled it
- How Risky Is Mixed Martial Arts? Injury Rates and Patterns in Competitive Versus Recreational Athletes.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Concussion Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviours Among Australian Taekwondo Athletes: A Cross-Sectional Exploratory Study.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Risk of Joint and Neck Injuries in Mixed Martial Arts-Grappling and Submission Techniques in Professional Fights.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Factors associated with concussion during combatives activities in a military training environment.Journal of sport and health science · 2025Article
- Injuries in Mixed Martial Arts After Adoption of the Unified Rules of MMA: A Systematic Review.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Review
- Incidence of Health Problems in Australian Mixed Martial Arts and Muay Thai Competitors: A 14-Month Study of 26 Combat Sports Events.Sports medicine - open · 2025Article
- Head Trauma Exposure in Mixed Martial Arts.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- A brief descriptive outline of the rules of mixed martial arts and concussion in mixed martial arts.Journal of exercise rehabilitation · 2022Review
- Exploratory Systematic Review of Mixed Martial Arts: An Overview of Performance of Importance Factors with over 20,000 Athletes.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Predicting Risk of Sport-Related Concussion in Collegiate Athletes and Military Cadets: A Machine Learning Approach Using Baseline Data from the CARE Consortium Study.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2021Article
- Injury Profile of Mixed Martial Arts Competitions in the United States.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2021Article
- Upper Limb Strikes Reactive Forces in Mix Martial Art Athletes during Ground and Pound Tactics.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Safety in Mixed Martial Arts: a 7-Year Review of Cancelled MMA Bouts in Calgary, Alberta, During the Pre-bout Medical Examination Period.Sports medicine - open · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is limited literature that examines risk factors for injury and mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in mixed martial arts (MMA). An examination of previously unstudied bout and athlete characteristics that may pose health risks while partaking in this sport is warranted. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of injury and concussion, along with the identification of risk factors that contribute to injury and mTBI in amateur and professional MMA bouts in Calgary, Alberta. STUDY
designA retrospective cohort study with case-control design.
methodsCalgary amateur and professional MMA records were examined from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2015. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the incidence of injury and concussion, along with univariate and multivariable logistic regression to identify risk factors for injury and mTBI.
resultsThe injury rate per 100 athlete exposure (AE), the injury rate per 100 min of exposure and the concussion rate per 100 AE were 23.6 (95% CI 20.5 to 27.0), 4.1 (95% CI 3.48 to 4.70) and 14.7 (95% CI 11.8 to 17.2), respectively. The most common location of injury was the head and mTBI was the most common type of injury. Athletes whose bout was finished by a knockout/technical knockout, corner stoppage, draw, no contest or physician, and those whose country of origin was non-Canadian, were more likely to sustain an injury. No risk factors for concussion were shown to be significant.
conclusionEngaging in MMA exposes athletes to inherent risk and several recommendations are proposed to reduce these risks. Future prospective investigations are necessary to better delineate the findings in this study.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.