ArticleBMJ open2018
Qualitative study of barriers to clinical trial retention in adults with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retention in trials: a qualitative evidence synthesis of studies reporting participant reasons for trial non-completion.BMJ open · 2026Review
- Increasing Retention in a Trial by Supporting Basic Psychological Needs for Autonomy, Competence and Relatedness: Developing a Theory-Informed App-Based Complex Intervention.Scandinavian journal of caring sciences · 2026Article
- Connecting the Spots: Serial Home C-peptide Measurements Paint an Accurate Picture of Change in β-Cell Function.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- How can we support research participants who stop taking part? Communications guidance developed through public-researcher collaboration.Research involvement and engagement · 2024Article
- Diverse Research Teams and Underrepresented Groups in Clinical Studies.JAMA ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Applying mixed methods to pilot feasibility studies to inform intervention trials.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2022Article
- Factors affecting participant recruitment and retention in borderline personality disorder research: a feasibility study.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2021Article
- Exploring non-retention in clinical trials: a meta-ethnographic synthesis of studies reporting participant reasons for drop out.BMJ open · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesRegular physical exercise may preserve β cell function in newly diagnosed adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, clinical trials to test this theory require the recruitment and retention of adults with new-onset T1D, which can be challenging. We sought to determine the overall experiences of newly diagnosed adults with T1D in an exercise study, to understand issues that influence the retention of trial participants in such studies.
designQualitative methodology using individual face-to-face (n=6) and telephone interviews (n=14). Interview transcripts were thematically analysed using the framework method.
settingThe study took place at five participating UK hospitals.
participantsTwenty participants, aged 19-55 years, in the Exercise for Type 1 Diabetes study were interviewed to explore their study experiences and identify motivators and deterrents towards the study. Participants in control and intervention arms were interviewed, as were people with T1D who had completed (n=16) and withdrawn (n=4).
resultsParticipants revealed barriers and facilitators to retention; the majority were generalisable to clinical trials of people with newly diagnosed T1D. Coming to terms with a diagnosis of T1D, lack of time, work pressures, level of health professional support, volume, clarity and consistency of information and feedback and a desire for knowledge about their condition were all cited as influencing factors to trial retention.
conclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first qualitative study to examine the experience of being involved in an exercise trial by people with T1D. Findings suggest appointments could be shorter, available outside of working hours and planned longer in advance; study information should be clear, consistent and in electronic and paper formats; questionnaires need minimising; healthcare support and feedback needs providing regularly; thought is required around how to support non-exercising arm participants. These considerations may improve participant retention rates in new-onset T1D studies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.