ArticleCurrent biology : CB2018
The Iceman's Last Meal Consisted of Fat, Wild Meat, and Cereals.
Abstract readHistorical Article
In one paragraph
Article in Current biology : CB, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Iceman's microbiome: unveiling millennia of microbial diversity and continuity.Microbiome · 2026Article
- Ecology and demographic structure of an extinct ibex population in late Upper Palaeolithic Italian Alps.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Integration of modern technologies to advance dietary assessment.Nature food · 2026Review
- Ötzi the Iceman: forensic 3D reconstructions of a 5300-year-ago murder case.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Genetic Predisposition of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Ancient Human Remains.Annals of global health · 2024Article
- The Norsesquiterpene Glycoside Ptaquiloside as a Poisonous, Carcinogenic Component of Certain Ferns.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Ancient mitochondrial and modern whole genomes unravel massive genetic diversity loss during near extinction of Alpine ibex.Molecular ecology · 2022Article
- A Healthier Smile in the Past? Dental Caries and Diet in Early Neolithic Farming Communities from Central Germany.Nutrients · 2022Article
- Weight Loss and Fat Metabolism during Multi-Day High-Altitude Sojourns: A Hypothesis Based on Adipocyte Signaling.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Hallstatt miners consumed blue cheese and beer during the Iron Age and retained a non-Westernized gut microbiome until the Baroque period.Current biology : CB · 2021Article
- [The Iceman : Life scenarios and pathological findings from 30 years of research on the glacier mummy "Ötzi"].Der Pathologe · 2021Review
- DNA methylation profiling in mummified human remains from the eighteenth-century.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Palaeoproteomic analyses of dog palaeofaeces reveal a preserved dietary and host digestive proteome.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Comprehensive coverage of human last meal components revealed by a forensic DNA metabarcoding approach.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Ancient protein analysis in archaeology.Science advances · 2021Review
- Presence of the carcinogen ptaquiloside in fern-based food products and traditional medicine: Four cases of human exposure.Current research in food science · 2021Article
- Article
- Review
- The Prevotella copri Complex Comprises Four Distinct Clades Underrepresented in Westernized Populations.Cell host & microbe · 2019Article
- Molecular Reconstruction of the Diet in Human Stool Samples.mSystems · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
42 authors.
Frank MaixnerEurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. Electronic address: frank.maixner@eurac.edu.
Dmitrij TuraevCUBE - Division of Computational Systems Biology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Amaury Cazenave-GassiotSLING, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Marek JankoInstitute of Materials Science, Physics of Surfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; Center of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
Ben Krause-KyoraInstitute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
Michael R HoopmannInstitute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Ulrike KusebauchInstitute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Mark SartainInstitute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Gea GuerrieroEnvironmental Research and Innovation (ERIN), Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Esch/Alzette, Luxembourg.
Niall O'SullivanEurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
Matthew TeasdaleSmurfit Institute of Genetics, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Giovanna CipolliniEurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
Alice PaladinEurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
Valeria MattiangeliSmurfit Institute of Genetics, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Marco SamadelliEurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
Umberto TecchiatiResponsabile del Laboratorio di Archeozoologia della Soprintendenza Provinciale ai Beni culturali di Bolzano - Alto Adige, Ufficio Beni archeologica, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
Andreas PutzerSouth Tyrol Museum of Archaeology, Museumstrasse 43, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
Mine PalazogluDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
John MeissenDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Sandra LöschDepartment of Physical Anthropology, Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Bern, Sulgenauweg 40, 3007 Bern, Switzerland.
Philipp RauschMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, D-24306, Plön, Germany.
John F BainesMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, August-Thienemann-Strasse 2, D-24306, Plön, Germany.
Bum Jin KimCancer Research Institute & Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
Hyun-Joo AnCancer Research Institute & Graduate School of Analytical Science and Technology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
Paul GostnerDepartment of Radiodiagnostics, Central Hospital Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy.
Eduard Egarter-ViglScuola Superiore Sanitaria Provinciale "Claudiana," Via Lorenz Böhler 13, 39100 Bolzano, Italy.
Peter MalfertheinerDepartment of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany.
Andreas KellerChair for Clinical Bioinformatics, Saarland University, Medical Faculty, Saarbrücken, Germany.
Robert W StarkInstitute of Materials Science, Physics of Surfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany; Center of Smart Interfaces, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Str. 10, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
Markus WenkSLING, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
David BishopElemental Bio-imaging Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, 2007, Australia.
Daniel G BradleySmurfit Institute of Genetics, University of Dublin, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland.
Oliver FiehnDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Lars EngstrandDepartment of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Stockholm, Sweden.
Robert L MoritzInstitute for Systems Biology, 401 Terry Avenue North, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Philip DobleElemental Bio-imaging Facility, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, 2007, Australia.
Andre FrankeInstitute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
Almut NebelInstitute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, Rosalind-Franklin-Str. 12, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
Klaus OegglInstitute of Botany, Sternwartestrasse 15, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
Thomas RatteiCUBE - Division of Computational Systems Biology, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Rudolf GrimmAgilent Technologies, 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd, Santa Clara, CA 95051, USA.
Albert ZinkEurac Research - Institute for Mummy Studies, Viale Druso 1, 39100 Bolzano, Italy. Electronic address: albert.zink@eurac.edu.
Funding
Quantitative Systems BiologyP50GM076547 · NIGMS · INSTITUTE FOR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY · PI BALIGA, NITIN S · 2006 to 2016
$30.6MShortening the development cycle time of Trans Proteomic Pipeline tools with high performance computingR01GM087221 · NIGMS · INSTITUTE FOR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY · PI DEUTSCH, ERIC, MORITZ, ROBERT L · 2010 to 2021
$6.0MFAIMS-Selected Reaction Monitoring to Quantitative Protein Networks in DiseaseS10RR027584 · NCRR · INSTITUTE FOR SYSTEMS BIOLOGY · PI MORITZ, ROBERT L · 2011 to 2011
$576kNCRR NIH HHS S10 RR027584NIGMS NIH HHS P50 GM076547NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM087221
Abstract
The history of humankind is marked by the constant adoption of new dietary habits affecting human physiology, metabolism, and even the development of nutrition-related disorders. Despite clear archaeological evidence for the shift from hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agriculture in Neolithic Europe [1], very little information exists on the daily dietary habits of our ancestors. By undertaking a complementary -omics approach combined with microscopy, we analyzed the stomach content of the Iceman, a 5,300-year-old European glacier mummy [2, 3]. He seems to have had a remarkably high proportion of fat in his diet, supplemented with fresh or dried wild meat, cereals, and traces of toxic bracken. Our multipronged approach provides unprecedented analytical depth, deciphering the nutritional habit, meal composition, and food-processing methods of this Copper Age individual.
Indexed as
MummiesArchaeologyAustriaDietDietary FatsEdible GrainHistory, AncientHumansItalyMaleMeatDietary Fatsancient DNAdietEuropean Copper Age mummyIcemanlast meallipidomicsmicroscopymulti-omics studyproteomicsstomach content
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.