SynthesisThe international journal of neuropsychopharmacology2018
Kinetics of Cytokine Levels during Antipsychotic Treatment in Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chemokine Dysregulation and Neuroinflammation in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Immune System Abnormalities in Schizophrenia: An Integrative View and Translational Perspectives.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Complete blood count-based inflammation indexes and symptom severity in people with bipolar disorder: an analysis based on structural equation modelling.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Immunomodulatory effects of amisulpride on mammalian macrophages.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Peripheral blood RNA-seq analysis in bipolar and schizophrenia spectrum disorders: modest influence of antipsychotic treatment.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Clinical hallmarks and peripheral immune factors associated with antipsychotic-induced constipation in schizophrenia.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Linking Metabolic Disorders and Immune System Phenomena in Schizophrenia: The Role of Adipose Tissue and Inflammation.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Emerging Roles of Non-coding RNAs on Symptom Type and Cognitive Functions in Schizophrenia and Schizoaffective Disorder.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Clinical Relevance of Peripheral Interleukins in Drug-Naive First-Episode Psychosis: Symptom-Specific Associations from the PANSS Dimensions.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Unravelling the Viral Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: A Comprehensive Review of Mechanisms and Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Upadacitinib for ulcerative colitis and pyoderma gangrenosum in a patient with schizophrenia on long-term risperidone: A case report.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the peripheral levels of cytokines during 12-month antipsychotic treatment in a drug-naïve schizophrenia spectrum cohort.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Impact of neuroinflammation on brain glutamate and dopamine signalling in schizophrenia: an update.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- The role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in schizophrenia: an immunological perspective.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Influence of antipsychotic drugs on microglia-mediated neuroinflammation in schizophrenia: perspectives in an astrocyte-microglia co-culture model.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- Effects of 6-week olanzapine treatment on serum IL-2, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α levels in drug-naive individuals with first-episode schizophrenia.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Negative symptoms and neurocognition in drug-naïve schizophrenia: moderating role of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and interferon-gamma (INF-γ).European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2024Article
- The atypical antipsychotic aripiprazole alters the outcome of disseminatedInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Levels of neuronal pentraxin 2 in plasma is associated with cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Immune system dysfunction is a hypothesis in the psychopathology of schizophrenia, but the impact of antipsychotic treatment within this system is not clear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the impact of antipsychotic treatment on cytokine levels in in vivo studies on schizophrenia. Methods: After a systematic database search, original data were extracted with the help of certain authors. Means and SDs were extracted to calculate standardized mean differences. Cytokine levels were compared in vivo in schizophrenia patients, before and after antipsychotic treatment. Meta-regressions were performed to explore the influence of demographic and clinical variables on cytokine level standardized mean differences. Stratifications by treatment and diagnosis were also performed. Results: Forty-seven studies were included in this meta-analysis. Proinflammatory cytokine level decreases were found for interleukin-1 β levels (P<.0001) and interferon-γ (P=.01) and a statistical trend towards a decrease in interleukin-6 (P=.08) and tumor necrosis factor-α (P=.07) levels. An antiinflammatory cytokine level increase was found for soluble tumor necrosis factor-R2 (P<.001) and soluble interleukin 2-R (P=.03) levels. A meta-regression analysis found a correlation between interleukin-6 level standardized mean differences and positive schizophrenia symptom score standardized mean differences before and after treatment (P=.01). Stratification by diagnosis or treatment found a possible impact of the kinetics of cytokine levels. Conclusions: The present meta-analysis provides evidence that antipsychotic treatment has an antiinflammatory effect and could normalize immune balance dysfunction in schizophrenia. Interleukin-6 level normalization could be a marker of illness equilibration and thus used in clinical practice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.