ArticlePain medicine (Malden, Mass.)2019
Bidirectionality of Pain Interference and PTSD Symptoms in Military Veterans: Does Injury Status Moderate Effects?
Article in Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- The role of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in pain severity, interference, and variability after sexual assault: An ecological momentary assessment study.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2026Trial
- Tai Chi and wellness for Gulf War Illness: Combined analysis of in-person and remote randomized controlled trials.Journal of psychiatric research · 2026Trial
- An Exploratory Assessment of Service Dog Training for the Treatment of Military Members with Posttraumatic Stress: A Pre-post Interventional Trial.Archives of rehabilitation research and clinical translation · 2026Article
- Bidirectional associations between PTSD symptoms and pain in daily life among women survivors of sexual assault.Journal of anxiety disorders · 2025Article
- Associations of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters and Pain Interference in Post-9/11 Veterans: Exploring Sleep Impairment and Physical Activity as Underlying Mechanisms.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Observational
- Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Moderate the Relationship Between Chronic Pain and Adverse Cannabis Outcomes: A Pilot Study.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2025Article
- Post-traumatic growth amongst UK armed forces personnel who were deployed to Afghanistan and the role of combat injury, mental health and pain: the ADVANCE cohort study.Psychological medicine · 2023Article
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters as Predictors of Pain Interference in Burn Survivors: A Burn Model System National Database Study.Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association · 2023Article
- Time doesn't heal all: PTSD symptoms exacerbate the relationship between age and pain intensity.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Article
- Relationship Between Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Chronic Pain-Related Symptom Domains Among Military Active Duty Service Members.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2021Article
- Differential Pain Presentations Observed across Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Trajectories after Combat Injury.Pain medicine (Malden, Mass.) · 2021Article
- Longitudinal mental health outcomes of combat-injured service members.Brain and behavior · 2021Article
- Comorbid chronic pain and post-traumatic stress disorder in UK veterans: a lot of theory but not enough evidence.British journal of pain · 2020Article
- Mutual maintenance of PTSD and physical symptoms for Veterans returning from deployment.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivePain and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are strongly correlated in veteran populations. Arguments for which one condition predicts or worsens the other condition have gone in both directions. However, research addressing this issue has been primarily limited to cross-sectional studies rather than examinations of a potential bidirectional relationship between pain interference and PTSD symptoms over time. In addition, no studies have examined deployment injury status as potentially moderating this bidirectional effect in veterans. To address these gaps in the literature, the present longitudinal study examined whether there is a bidirectional relationship between pain interference and PTSD symptoms in a sample of male and female veterans returning from Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, or Operation New Dawn (N = 729) and whether deployment injury status moderates this relationship.
methodsParticipants completed phone interviews regarding pain interference and PTSD symptoms at three time points, each three months apart.
resultsPain interference at Time 1 predicted worse PTSD symptoms at Time 2 for the subset of veterans who sustained injuries during deployment (n = 381) but not for veterans with pain interference who did not sustain injuries (n = 338). From Time 1 to Time 3, elevations in PTSD symptoms were mediated by pain interference for injured veterans; in contrast, PTSD symptoms did not appear to drive changes in pain interference in either group.
conclusionsThese results indicate that physical symptom management should be a crucial target of psychological intervention for returning veterans with PTSD symptoms and deployment-related injuries.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.