ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2018
First Trimester Urinary Bisphenol and Phthalate Concentrations and Time to Pregnancy: A Population-Based Cohort Analysis.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phthalate exposure and female reproductive and developmental outcomes: a systematic review of the human epidemiological evidence.Environment international · 2019Pooled it
- Preconception Folate Status, Dietary Intake, Supplementation, and Time to Pregnancy Among Women in a Premarital Health Examination Cohort.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Bisphenol S and female reproductive toxicity: a scoping review of human studies.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Micronutrients as Mitigators of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Health Effects: A Scoping Review and Framework for Epidemiologic Studies.Current environmental health reports · 2026Article
- Associations of prenatal exposure to bisphenols and phthalates with the fetoplacental ratio in the New York University Children's Health and Environment Study (NYU CHES).Ecotoxicology and environmental safety · 2026Article
- Age among women and men, time to pregnancy and risk of miscarriage.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Prenatal heat and air pollution exposure alter progesterone and child behavior: A longitudinal study.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Poverty and Social Disadvantage in Women and Men and Fertility Outcomes.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Periconception bisphenol and phthalate concentrations in women and men, time to pregnancy, and risk of miscarriage.Environmental research · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Relationship Between Thyroid Hormone Levels and Bisphenol A in Children Aged 6-14 Years.Clinical endocrinology · 2025Article
- Review
- Preconception and Early-Pregnancy Body Mass Index in Women and Men, Time to Pregnancy, and Risk of Miscarriage.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Evaluating associations of bisphenol and phthalate exposure with time to pregnancy and subfecundity in a New York City pregnancy cohort.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2024Article
- Preconception Phthalate Exposure and Women's Reproductive Health: Pregnancy, Pregnancy Loss, and Underlying Mechanisms.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Does Older Age Modify Associations between Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Fecundability?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Determinants of phthalate exposure among a U.S.-based group of Latino workers.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2021Article
- Urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites during gestation and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: a population-based birth cohort study.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2020Article
- Mechanisms of Testicular Disruption from Exposure to Bisphenol A and Phtalates.Journal of clinical medicine · 2020Review
- Invited Commentary: Interaction Between Diet and Chemical Exposures.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Supplemental Folate and the Relationship Between Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Livebirth Among Women Undergoing Assisted Reproduction.American journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Increasing evidence suggests that exposure to synthetic chemicals such as bisphenols and phthalates can influence fecundability. The current study describes associations of first trimester urinary concentrations of bisphenol A (BPA), BPA analogs, and phthalate metabolites with time to pregnancy (TTP). Methods: Among 877 participants in the population-based Generation R pregnancy cohort, we measured first trimester urinary concentrations of bisphenols and phthalates [median gestational age, 12.9 weeks (interquartile range, 12.1, 14.4)]. We used fitted covariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models to examine associations of bisphenol and phthalate concentrations with TTP. Participants who conceived using infertility treatment were censored at 12 months. Biologically plausible effect measure modification by folic acid supplement use was tested. Results: In the main models, bisphenol and phthalate compounds were not associated with fecundability. In stratified models, total bisphenols and phthalic acid were associated with longer TTP among women who did not use folic acid supplements preconceptionally [respective fecundability ratios per each natural log increase were 0.90 (95% CI, 0.81 to 1.00) and 0.88 (95% CI, 0.79 to 0.99)]. Using an interaction term for the exposure and folic acid supplement use showed additional effect measure modification by folic acid supplement use for high-molecular-weight phthalate metabolites. Conclusions: We found no associations of bisphenols and phthalates with fecundability. Preconception folic acid supplementation seems to modify effects of bisphenols and phthalates on fecundability. Folic acid supplements may protect against reduced fecundability among women exposed to these chemicals. Further studies are needed to replicate these findings and investigate potential mechanisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.