ArticleInternational journal of oncology2018
The enhanced antitumour response of pimozide combined with the IDO inhibitor L‑MT in melanoma.
Article in International journal of oncology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Role of Tryptophan Metabolism in Cancer.Cancer innovation · 2025Review
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- Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate as a Potent IDO1/TDO2 Dual Inhibitor Enhances Anti-PD1 Therapy for Colorectal Cancer in Mice.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- IDO Inhibitor and Gallic Acid Cross-Linked Small Molecule Drug Synergistic Treatment of Melanoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and the emerging role of gut microbiome.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2021Review
- Overexpression of dopamine receptor D2 promotes colorectal cancer progression by activating the β-catenin/ZEB1 axis.Cancer science · 2021Article
- Kynurenines as a Novel Target for the Treatment of Malignancies.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Mechanisms of Functional Pleiotropy of p73 in Cancer and Beyond.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- New drugs are not enough‑drug repositioning in oncology: An update.International journal of oncology · 2020Review
- Review
- Repurposing of Drug Candidates for Treatment of Skin Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Review
- STAT3 and STAT5 Targeting for Simultaneous Management of Melanoma and Autoimmune Diseases.Cancers · 2019Review
- Antipsychotic agent pimozide promotes reversible proliferative suppression by inducing cellular quiescence in liver cancer.Oncology reports · 2019Article
- PD-1-siRNA delivered by attenuated Salmonella enhances the antimelanoma effect of pimozide.Cell death & disease · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most fatal and therapy-resistant types of cancer; therefore, identifying novel therapeutic candidates to improve patient survival is an ongoing effort. Previous studies have revealed that pimozide is not sufficient to treat melanoma; therefore, enhancing the treatment is necessary. Indoleamine 2, 3‑dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunosuppressive, intracellular rate-limiting enzyme, which contributes to immune tolerance in various tumours, including melanoma, and inhibition of IDO may be considered a novel therapeutic strategy when combined with pimozide. The present study aimed to assess the antitumour activities of pimozide in vitro, and to investigate the effects of pimozide combined with L‑methyl-tryptophan (L‑MT) in vivo. For in vitro analyses, the B16 melanoma cell line was used. Cell cytotoxicity assay, cell viability assay, wound‑healing assay and western blotting were conducted to analyse the effects of pimozide on B16 cells. Furthermore, B16 cell-bearing mice were established as the animal model. Haematoxylin and eosin staining, immunohistochemistry, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end-labelling staining, western blotting and flow cytometry were performed to determine the effects of monotherapy and pimozide and L‑MT cotreatment on melanoma. The results demonstrated that pimozide exhibited potent antitumour activity via the regulation of proliferation, apoptosis and migration. Furthermore, the antitumour effects of pimozide were enhanced when combined with L‑MT, not only via regulation of proliferation, apoptosis and migration, but also via immune modulation. Notably, pimozide may regulate tumour immunity through inhibiting the activities of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 and Stat5. In conclusion, the present study proposed the use of pimozide in combination with the IDO inhibitor, L‑MT, as a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of melanoma.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.