ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2018
Immunology and efficacy of MF59-adjuvanted vaccines.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 125 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
125 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 183 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multiple sclerosis relapse after COVID-19 vaccination: A case report-based systematic review.Journal of clinical neuroscience : official journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia · 2022Pooled it
- Immunogenicity of H5N1 influenza vaccines in elderly adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Pooled it
- Comparative Immunogenicity of Enhanced Seasonal Influenza Vaccines in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2019Pooled it
- RAD001-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine Synergizes With Anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Therapy to Enhance Antitumor Immunity in Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1-Low Murine Lung Cancer.World journal of oncology · 2026Article
- Influenza.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2026Review
- Mapping the monoclonal antibody landscape of human cytomegalovirus.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Lyophilizable Thermostable Nano-Aluminum Adjuvant and Combinations Induced Robust Antigen-Specific Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Mice.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Viral Vaccine Adjuvant Strategies for Shaping Durable Immunity Across the Human Lifespan.Vaccines · 2026Review
- A TRAC-478-adjuvanted recombinant N1 neuraminidase influenza virus vaccine induces balanced and broadly protective immune responses.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Immunopotentiation by Natural Extracts: Mechanisms and Applications in Influenza Vaccine Adjuvant Development.Food science & nutrition · 2026Review
- Cooperative supramolecular integration of QS-21 into polymeric micelles as a tunable nanoadjuvant platform for subunit vaccines.RSC advances · 2026Article
- Review
- Next-generation mucosal vaccines for respiratory viruses: Immunological correlates, platform design and clinical translation.World journal of virology · 2026Review
- Synergistic Immunoenhancement of Recombinant PBP2a Vaccine Candidate by Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles and MF59 Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- From bench to bedside: Unveiling the background and benefits of nanovaccines tested in clinics.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- An H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus vaccine that elicits cross-protective antibodies against conserved domains of H5 and N1 glycoproteins.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Vaccination Against Respiratory Infections in Adults with Cancer: A Concise Guide for Clinicians.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Enhanced immunogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus IsdE vaccine with SeNPs and BCG adjuvants in mice.AMB Express · 2026Article
- AS01Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Adjuvant Strategies to Improve the Efficacy of Allergen Immunotherapy.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Review
65 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Adjuvants are included in vaccine formulations to enhance the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines. MF59® is an oil-in-water emulsion adjuvant and licensed for use in pandemic and seasonal influenza vaccines in many countries. MF59 is safe and well tolerated in humans. MF59-adjuvanted vaccination spares vaccine dose and enhances hemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against homologous and heterologous influenza virus strains. The mechanisms of MF59 involve rapid induction of chemokines, inflammatory cytokines, recruiting multiple immune cells, uric acid and benign apoptosis of certain innate immune cells. The adjuvant effects of MF59 on generating vaccine-specific isotype-switched IgG antibodies, effector CD8 T cells, and protective immunity were retained even in a CD4-deficient condition by inducing effective immune-competent microenvironment with various innate and antigen presenting cells in a mouse model. CD4-independent adjuvant effects of MF59 might contribute to improving the vaccine efficacy in children, the elderly, and immunocompromised patients as well as in healthy adults. Further studies will be needed to broaden the use of MF59 in various vaccine antigens and populations as well as lead to better understanding of the action mechanisms of MF59 adjuvant.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.