ArticleJournal of neurotrauma2019
Bone Marrow-Derived Monocytes Drive the Inflammatory Microenvironment in Local and Remote Regions after Thoracic Spinal Cord Injury.
Article in Journal of neurotrauma, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of early mobilisation (< 14 days) on pathophysiological and functional outcomes in animals with induced spinal cord injury: a systematic review with meta-analysis.BMC neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Progress on Omega-3 fatty acids for the comprehensive and targeted treatment of spinal cord injury.Bone research · 2026Review
- Thoracic Spinal Cord Contusion Impacts on Lumbar Enlargement: Molecular Insights.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Novel carbon dots with dual Modulatory effects on the bone marrow and spleen as a potential therapeutic candidate for treating spinal cord injury.Bioactive materials · 2025Article
- Identification of key genes associated with muscle atrophy after spinal cord injury and experimental verification in rats.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Physiological Insights Into the Role of Pericytes in Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of cellular physiology · 2025Review
- The secretome of macrophages has a differential impact on spinal cord injury recovery according to the polarization protocol.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Effect of Acute Physical Interventions on Pathophysiology and Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.Neurospine · 2022Article
- Article
- The role of neuroimmune and inflammation in pediatric uremia-induced neuropathy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Retinal Ganglion Cell Axon Regeneration Requires Complement and Myeloid Cell Activity within the Optic Nerve.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- Cytokine expressions of spinal cord injury treated by neurotropin and nafamostat mesylate.Annals of translational medicine · 2021Article
- Mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells in spinal cord injury repair through macrophage polarization.Cell & bioscience · 2021Review
- Neuroinflammation and Scarring After Spinal Cord Injury: Therapeutic Roles of MSCs on Inflammation and Glial Scar.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Attenuation of the inflammatory response and polarization of macrophages by photobiomodulation.Lasers in medical science · 2020Article
- Location of neonatal microglia drives small extracellular vesicles content and biological functionsJournal of extracellular vesicles · 2020Article
- The Cross-Talk Between the Dopaminergic and the Immune System Involved in Schizophrenia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2020Review
- Delayed microglial depletion after spinal cord injury reduces chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration in the brain and improves neurological recovery in male mice.Theranostics · 2020Article
- Dwellers and Trespassers: Mononuclear Phagocytes at the Borders of the Central Nervous System.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Inhibition of NOX2 signaling limits pain-related behavior and improves motor function in male mice after spinal cord injury: Participation of IL-10/miR-155 pathways.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) produces a toxic inflammatory microenvironment that negatively affects plasticity and recovery. Recently, we showed glial activation and peripheral myeloid cell infiltration extending beyond the epicenter through the remote lumbar cord after thoracic SCI. The presence and role of infiltrating monocytes is important, especially in the lumbar cord where locomotor central pattern generators are housed. Therefore, we compared the inflammatory profile of resident microglia and peripheral myeloid cells after SCI. Bone marrow chimeras received midthoracic contusive SCI, and trafficking was determined 1-7 days later. Fluorescence-activated cell (FAC) sorting showed similar infiltration timing of both neutrophils and macrophages in epicenter and lumbar regions. While neutrophil numbers were attenuated by day 3, macrophages remained unchanged at day 7, suggesting that macrophages have important long-term influence on the microenvironment. Nanostring gene array identified a strong proinflammatory profile of infiltrating macrophages relative to microglia at both epicenter and lumbar sites. Macrophages had elevated expression of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IFNγ), chemokines (CCL2, CXCL2), mediators (COX-1, MMP-9), and receptors (CCR2, Ly6C), and decreased expression of growth promoting genes (GDNF, BDNF). Importantly, lumbar macrophages had elevated expression of active trafficking genes (CCR2, l-selectin, MMP-9) compared with epicenter macrophages. Further, acute rehabilitation exacerbated the inflammatory profile of infiltrated macrophages in the lumbar cord. Such high inflammatory potential and negative response to rehabilitation of infiltrating macrophages within lumbar locomotor central pattern generators likely impedes activity-dependent recovery. Therefore, limiting active trafficking of macrophages into the lumbar cord identifies a novel target for SCI therapies to improve locomotion.
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Registered trials
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