ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2018
Cellular Stress Response to Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection of Human Skin Includes Highly Elevated Interleukin-6 Expression.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Serious neurological adverse events in immunocompetent children and adolescents caused by viral reactivation in the years following varicella vaccination.Reviews in medical virology · 2024Pooled it
- Perspectives on the History and Epidemiology of the Varicella Virus Vaccine and Future Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Inhibitory effect of Alantolactone against varicella-zoster virus in vitro.Virology journal · 2025Article
- mRNA Splicing ofViruses · 2024Article
- Simian varicella virus infection and reactivation in rhesus macaques trigger cytokine and Aβ40/42 alterations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid.Journal of neurovirology · 2024Article
- Genetics of causal relationships between circulating inflammatory proteins and postherpetic neuralgia: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Humoral Cytokine Levels in Patients with Herpes Zoster: A Meta-Analysis.Journal of pain research · 2024Review
- Reassessment of Evidence about Coinfection of Chickenpox and Monkeypox (Mpox) in African Children.Viruses · 2022Review
- Novel BC02 Compound Adjuvant Enhances Adaptive and Innate Immunity Induced by Recombinant Glycoprotein E of Varicella-Zoster Virus.Vaccines · 2022Article
- Review
- VZV Infection of Primary Human Adrenal Cortical Cells Produces a Proinflammatory Environment without Cell Death.Viruses · 2022Article
- Article
- The requirement of glycoprotein C (gC) for interindividual spread is a conserved function of gC for avian herpesviruses.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- 3D skin models in domestic animals.Veterinary research · 2021Review
- The Neuropathic Itch Caused by Pseudorabies Virus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- JAK inhibitors and infections risk: focus on herpes zoster.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2020Article
- Virulent Pseudorabies Virus Infection Induces a Specific and Lethal Systemic Inflammatory Response in Mice.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Autophagy Quantification and STAT3 Expression in a Human Skin Organ Culture Model for Innate Immunity to Herpes Zoster.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe infectious cycle of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) after reactivation from the dorsal root ganglia includes replication and assembly of complete enveloped virions in the human skin to cause the characteristic herpes zoster (shingles).
methodsTo pursue studies of innate immunity to VZV infection, we have adapted a fetal skin organ culture model to a human neonatal foreskin explant model.
resultsAbundant expression of VZV IE62, gE, and gC was visualized by confocal microscopy while numerous enveloped virions were observed by electron microscopy in infected skin organ cultures. Microarray experiments demonstrated that the patterns of upregulated transcripts differed between VZV-infected cells and VZV-infected skin explants. One result stood out, namely a >30-fold elevated interleukin (IL)-6 level in the infected skin explant that was not present in the infected monolayer culture. The IL-6 results in the polyermase chain reaction (PCR) assay were reproduced by quantitative PCR testing with newly designed primers. To determine if increased transcription was accompanied by increased IL-6 expression, we quantitated the levels of IL-6 protein in the explant media at increasing intervals after infection. We found a statistically significant increase in IL-6 protein levels secreted into the media from VZV-infected skin explants as compared with mock-infected explants.
conclusionsThe cellular stress response to VZV infection in neonatal skin explants included highly elevated levels of IL-6 transcription and expression. This skin organ model could be adapted to other viruses with a skin tropism, such as herpes simplex virus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.