ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2018
Antitumor Effects and Delivery Profiles of Menahydroquinone-4 Prodrugs with Ionic or Nonionic Promoiety to Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin K (Menaquinone) from marine Kocuria sp. RAM1: optimization, characterization and potential in vitro biological activities.Microbial cell factories · 2025Article
- Delivery of the reduced form of vitamin KScientific reports · 2022Article
- Growth Inhibitory Effects of Ester Derivatives of Menahydroquinone-4, the Reduced Form of Vitamin KPharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Prodrugs for Skin Delivery of Menahydroquinone-4, an Active Form of Vitamin KInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) shows poor prognosis owing to its very frequent recurrence even after curative treatment. Thus, an effective and safe long-term chemopreventive agent is strongly in demand. Menahydroquinone-4 (MKH) is an active form of menaquinone-4 (MK-4, vitamin K₂) that is involved in the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent proteins in the liver. We hypothesized that efficient delivery of MKH might be critical to regulate HCC proliferation. The discovery of a suitable prodrug targeting HCC in terms of delivery and activation could reduce the clinical dose of MK-4 and maximize efficacy and safety. We previously showed that MKH dimethylglycinate (MKH-DMG) enables effective delivery of MKH into HCC cells and exhibits strong antitumor effects compared with MK-4. In this study, we prepared anionic MKH hemi-succinate (MKH-SUC) and non-ionic MKH acetate (MKH-ACT), in addition to cationic MKH-DMG, and evaluated MKH delivery profiles and antitumor effects in vitro. MKH-SUC showed the highest uptake and the most efficient release of MKH among the examined compounds and exhibited rapid and strong antitumor effects. These results indicate that MKH-SUC might have a good potential as an MKH delivery system for HCC that overcomes the limitations of MK-4 as a clinical chemopreventive agent.
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