ArticleBMJ open2018
Defining the risk factors for acute, subacute and chronic cough: a cross-sectional study in a Finnish adult employee population.
Article in BMJ open, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Camlipixant in Refractory Chronic Cough: A Phase 2b, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial (SOOTHE).American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2025Trial
- Integrative genomics reveal genetic links of chronic cough with risk factors and brain regional volumes.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Article
- Real-world survey on utilization of central antitussives and its health impact in patients with subacute and chronic cough in Japan.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of chronic cough in an adult community-dwelling Portuguese population.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- The prevalence and risk factors of respiratory symptoms in Finland: a comparative analysis.European clinical respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Severity grading of the Leicester Cough Questionnaire in chronic cough.ERJ open research · 2024Article
- Prevalence of chronic cough, its risk factors and population attributable risk in the Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) study: a multinational cross-sectional study.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Development of a Comprehensive Cough Therapy Program (CCTP) for chronic cough in India: a qualitative study.CoDAS · 2024Article
- Gender Differences in Antitussive Prescriptions for Chronic Cough in Korea.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Observational
- Bagasse dust exposure and chronic respiratory symptoms among workers in the Metehara and Wonji sugar factories in Ethiopia: a longitudinal study design.BMJ open respiratory research · 2023Article
- Cough Sensitivity to Several External Triggers is Associated with Multiple Non-respiratory Symptoms.Lung · 2023Article
- Characteristics of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis -associated cough. a case-control study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Article
- Worldwide prevalence, risk factors and burden of chronic cough in the general population: a narrative review.Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Review
- Article
- Impact of high-risk of obstructive sleep apnea on chronic cough: data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Article
- Validation of the cough phenotype TBQ among elderly Finnish subjects.ERJ open research · 2022Article
- Article
- Chronic cough in Germany: results from a general-population survey.ERJ open research · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesChronic cough is linked to various long-standing risk factors like asthma, chronic rhinitis and oesophageal reflux disease. On the contrary, acute and subacute cough are usually considered to be caused by acute respiratory infections. Little is known about the possible long-standing risk factors for acute and subacute cough. In this study, we have identified the long-standing risk factors for acute, subacute and chronic cough in order to identify the risk factors specifically associated with chronic cough.
designA comprehensive 80-item questionnaire was sent via email to the participants.
settingA community-based study to all public service employees of two towns in central Finland.
participantsThere were 13 980 employees, of them 3697 responded (26.4%). Among the responders, there were 199 subjects with current daily acute cough (duration <3 weeks, prevalence 5.4%), 126 subjects with current daily subacute cough (duration 3-8 weeks, prevalence 3.4%) and 267 subjects with current daily chronic cough (duration >8 weeks, prevalence 7.2%). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The risk factors that associated with each cough subtype. The subjects without any cough formed the reference group.
resultsSeveral risk factors were associated with both short and long cough subtypes namely family history of chronic cough, moisture damage exposure and number of reported somatic symptoms. Furthermore, allergy was associated with acute and subacute cough. Current asthma and chronic rhinitis were associated with subacute and chronic cough. Oesophageal reflux disease and advanced age were associated with chronic cough.
conclusionsThe specific risk factors for chronic cough were oesophageal reflux disease and advanced age. Acute and subacute cough should not be regarded merely as symptoms of acute respiratory infections but possible manifestations of long-standing risk factors. A new risk factor for all cough types was family history of chronic cough.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.