ArticlePediatrics2018
Outpatient Opioid Prescriptions for Children and Opioid-Related Adverse Events.
Article in Pediatrics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the pharmacologic management of acute dental pain in children: A report from the American Dental Association Science and Research Institute, the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine, and the Center for Integrative Global Oral Health at the University of Pennsylvania.Journal of the American Dental Association (1939) · 2023Guideline
- Impact of a Multicomponent Educational Intervention on Community Pharmacy-Based Naloxone Services Implementation: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial.The Annals of pharmacotherapy · 2023Trial
- Ready to Use Intravenous Ibuprofen in Adult and Paediatric Multimodal Perioperative Analgesia: European Clinical Expert Opinion.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Comparison of postoperative and outpatient opioid use in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients treated with posterior spinal fusion surgery and vertebral body tethering.Spine deformity · 2025Article
- Updating Clinical Practice: Improving Perioperative Pain Management for Adeno-Tonsillectomy in Children.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Preoperative vs Postoperative Opioid Prescriptions and Prolonged Opioid Refills Among US Youths.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Article
- A cutting-edge new framework for the pain management in children: nanotechnology.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Racial/Ethnic Patterns in Opioid Dispensing among Medicaid-Funded Young Children.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Annual Prevalence of Opioid Receipt by South Carolina Medicaid-Enrolled Children and Adolescents: 2000-2020.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Examining the Critical Need for Tailored Adolescent Opioid Education: A National Study.The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official journal of PPAG · 2023Article
- The effect of an enhanced recovery protocol in pediatric patients who undergo colostomy closure and Malone procedures.Pediatric surgery international · 2022Article
- Article
- Race Differences in Opioid Misuse and Adolescent Suicidality.Child & adolescent social work journal : C & A · 2022Article
- Preoperative Opioid Informed Consent and Prescribing Practices in Children Undergoing Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2022Article
- Anxiety and Mood Disorders Impacting Physician Opioid Prescribing in the Pediatric Hospital Setting.Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings · 2021Article
- Race, Ethnicity, and Insurance: the Association with Opioid Use in a Pediatric Hospital Setting.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2021Article
- Review
- Opioid Prescribing to US Children and Young Adults in 2019.Pediatrics · 2021Article
- Pediatric Urologic Surgery: Reducing Opioid Use.Paediatric drugs · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesLittle is known about opioid prescribing for children without severe conditions. We studied the prevalence of and indications for outpatient opioid prescriptions and the incidence of opioid-related adverse events in this population.
methodsThis retrospective cohort study between 1999 and 2014 included Tennessee Medicaid children and adolescents aged 2 to 17 without major chronic diseases, prolonged hospitalization, institutional residence, or evidence of a substance use disorder. We estimated the annual prevalence of outpatient opioid prescriptions and incidence of opioid-related adverse events, defined as an emergency department visit, hospitalization, or death related to an opioid adverse effect.
resultsThere were 1 362 503 outpatient opioid prescriptions; the annual mean prevalence of opioid prescriptions was 15.0%. The most common opioid indications were dental procedures (31.1% prescriptions), outpatient procedure and/or surgery (25.1%), trauma (18.1%), and infections (16.5%). There were 437 cases of opioid-related adverse events confirmed by medical record review; 88.6% were related to the child's prescription and 71.2% had no recorded evidence of deviation from the prescribed regimen. The cumulative incidence of opioid-related adverse events was 38.3 of 100 000 prescriptions. Adverse events increased with age (incidence rate ratio = 2.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.67-2.96; 12-17 vs 2-5 years of age) and higher opioid doses (incidence rate ratio = 1.86 [1.45-2.39]; upper versus lower dose tertiles).
conclusionsChildren without severe conditions enrolled in Tennessee Medicaid frequently filled outpatient opioid prescriptions for acute, self-limited conditions. One of every 2611 study opioid prescriptions was followed by an opioid-related adverse event (71.2% of which were related to therapeutic use of the prescribed opioid).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.