ArticlePloS one2018
Circulating hypoxia marker carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and patients with cirrhosis.
Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between glycolysis markers and prognosis of liver cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.World journal of surgical oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Carbonic anhydrase 9 as a circulating biomarker and therapeutic target in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Identification and validation of icaritin-associated prognostic genes in hepatocellular carcinoma through network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis, and cellular experiments.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- Aerobic vaginitis is associated with carbonic anhydrase IX in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Hypoxia Marker Carbonic Anhydrase IX Is Present in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Tissue and Plasma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Repression of protocadherin 17 is correlated with elevated angiogenesis and hypoxia markers in female patients with breast cancer.Cancer biomarkers : section A of Disease markers · 2021Article
- Carbonic anhydrase IX as a novel candidate in liquid biopsy.Journal of enzyme inhibition and medicinal chemistry · 2020Review
- ROC-1, P21 and CAIX as markers of tumor aggressiveness in bladder carcinoma in Egyptian patients.Diagnostic pathology · 2020Article
- Article
- The Fundamental Role of Bicarbonate Transporters and Associated Carbonic Anhydrase Enzymes in Maintaining Ion and pH Homeostasis in Non-Secretory Organs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- A Molecular Subtype Model for Liver HBV-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Based on Immune-Related Genes.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
- Article
- Hepatic Tumor Microenvironments and Effects on NK Cell Phenotype and Function.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Poor outcome in hypoxic endometrial carcinoma is related to vascular density.British journal of cancer · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsExpression of carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), an enzyme expressed in response to hypoxia, acidosis and oncogenic alterations, is reported to be a prognostic factor in HCC patients. Here we evaluated serum CA9 levels in HCC and cirrhosis patients.
methodsHCC and cirrhosis patients were prospectively recruited and CA9 levels were determined. CA9 levels were compared to stages of cirrhosis and HCC stages. The association of the CA9 levels and overall survival (OS) was assessed. Furthermore, immunohistochemical CA9 expression in HCC and cirrhosis was evaluated.
results215 patients with HCC were included. The median serum CA9 concentration in patients with HCC was 370 pg/ml and significantly higher than in a healthy cohort. Patients with advanced cancer stages (BCLC and ALBI score) had hid significant higher levels of CA9 in the serum. HCC patients with high serum CA9 concentrations (>400 pg/ml) had an increased mortality risk (hazard ratio (HR) 1.690, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.017-2.809, P = 0.043). Serum CA9 concentration in cirrhotic patients did not differ significantly from HCC patients. Higher CA9 levels in cirrhotic patients correlated with portal hypertension and esophageal varices. Patients with ethanol induced cirrhosis had the highest CA9 levels in both cohorts. Levels of CA9 did not correlate with immunohistochemical expression.
conclusionsWe conclude that a high CA9 level is a possible prognostic indicator for a poor outcome in HCC patients. The high CA9 levels are probably mainly associated with portal hypertension. Ductular reactions might be a possible source of serum CA9.
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