ArticleNeurosurgery2019
Programmed Death Ligand 1 Is a Negative Prognostic Marker in Recurrent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase-Wildtype Glioblastoma.
Article in Neurosurgery, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prognostic value of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in glioblastoma: a systematic review, meta-analysis and validation based on dataset.Bioengineered · 2021Pooled it
- PD-L1 Expression in Glioblastoma, the Clinical and Prognostic Significance: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Pooled it
- Identification and validation of Kif15 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in colon cancer.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Prognostic Biomarkers in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Wild-Type Glioblastoma: A Focus on B7-H3.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Research progress and challenges of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in gliomas.Cell & bioscience · 2024Review
- PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for early and middle stage microsatellite high-instability and stable colorectal cancer: a review.International journal of colorectal disease · 2024Review
- Advanced immunotherapies for glioblastoma: tumor neoantigen vaccines in combination with immunomodulators.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2023Review
- Assessment of radiographic and prognostic characteristics of programmed death-ligand 1 expression in high-grade gliomas.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2022Article
- Expression, prognostic significance and therapeutic implications of PD-L1 in gliomas.Neuropathology and applied neurobiology · 2022Review
- PD-L1 tumor expression is associated with poor prognosis and systemic immunosuppression in glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2022Article
- The prognostic significance of PD-L1 expression in patients with glioblastoma: A meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Review
- Recent Advances in Glioma Therapy: Combining Vascular Normalization and Immune Checkpoint Blockade.Cancers · 2021Review
- Soluble programmed death-1 (sPD-1) and programmed death ligand 1 (sPD-L1) as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of glioma patients.Journal of medical biochemistry · 2020Article
- Biomarkers for immunotherapy for treatment of glioblastoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Review
- Review
- Cytokine Microdialysis for Real-Time Immune Monitoring in Glioblastoma Patients Undergoing Checkpoint Blockade.Neurosurgery · 2019Article
- Consequences ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Review
- The immune suppressive microenvironment of human gliomas depends on the accumulation of bone marrow-derived macrophages in the center of the lesion.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCheckpoint inhibition has demonstrated clinical efficacy in a variety of solid tumors. Reports of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in glioblastoma are highly variable (ranging from 6% to 88%) and its role as a prognostic marker has yielded conflicting results.
objectiveTo validate the prevalence and prognostic role of PD-L1 expression in a large cohort of diffuse gliomas according to the 2016 revised WHO classification.
methodsUsing tissue microarrays, we compared 5 PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies (n = 56) and validated expression (n = 183) using quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RNA in situ hybridization (RISH). Expression data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and published studies were compared with clinical outcome. Multiplexed immunophenotyping was used to identify PD-L1+ cell populations in post-treatment glioblastoma.
resultsUsing a 5% cut-off, PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with a poor prognosis in both histologically defined (n = 125, log-rank P < .001) and recurrent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype glioblastoma (n = 60, log-rank P = .015). PD-L1 remained a significant negative prognosticator in Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio: 1.96, P = .021). Analysis of TCGA data confirmed decreased overall survival in recurrent non-glioma CpG island methylator phenotype (G-CIMP) glioblastoma (n = 12, log-rank P = .023), but not in glioblastoma as a group (n = 444, log-rank P = .135). PD-L1 RISH showed a significant correlation with IHC (P < .0001). PD-L1 was observed in the proliferating perivascular stem cell and immune niche of post-treatment glioblastoma.
conclusionA 5% PD-L1 expression cut-off identified a subset of glioblastoma that is associated with a worse clinical outcome. This association remained significant within the newly defined IDH-wildtype classification. These findings could have implications for patient stratification in future clinical trials of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.