ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2019
Association Between Plasma Antibody Responses and Risk for Cryptococcus-Associated Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Temporal shifts in adaptive immunity drive HIV-associated cryptococcal IRIS: mechanisms, models, and therapeutic opportunities.NeuroImmune pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Effects of human immunoglobulins onmBio · 2026Article
- Exploring the structural basis and functional immunodynamics of immunoglobulin M in host defense against fungal pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Molecular Diagnostics ofDiseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Cryptococcal meningitis.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2023Review
- Shared and unique antibody and B cell profiles in HIV-positive and HIV-negative individuals with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis.Medical mycology · 2023Article
- Assessing the In Vitro Potential of Glatiramer Acetate (CopaxoneJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Preemptive Therapy in Cryptococcosis Adjusted for Outcomes.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Association of Antibody Immunity With Cryptococcal Antigenemia and Mortality in a South African Cohort With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: From Clinical Studies to Animal Experiments.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Article
- Neglected mycobiome in HIV infection: Alterations, common fungal diseases and antifungal immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in non-HIV cryptococcal meningitis: Cross-talk between pathogen and host.Mycoses · 2021Observational
- Cryptococcal Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome: From Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers to Treatment Approaches.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- Cryptococcus neoformans infection in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected and HIV-uninfected patients at an inner-city tertiary care hospital in the Bronx.Medical mycology · 2020Article
- Human IgM Inhibits the Formation of Titan-Like Cells in Cryptococcus neoformans.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- B Cell Compartmentalization in Blood and Cerebrospinal Fluid of HIV-Infected Ugandans with Cryptococcal Meningitis.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
- Th1-DependentFrontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Pathogen and host genetics underpinning cryptococcal disease.Advances in genetics · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals with cryptococcal meningitis places them at risk for Cryptococcus-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (C-IRIS). The relationship between antibody immunity and C-IRIS risk has not been investigated. Methods: We compared plasma levels of immunoglobulins, C. neoformans glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) capsule-specific and laminarin (Lam)-binding IgM and IgG, and percentages of peripheral blood total and memory B cells between 27 HIV-infected patients with CM who developed C-IRIS and 63 who did not, and evaluated associations of these parameters with risk of C-IRIS. Results: Prior to initiation of ART, plasma IgM, Lam-binding IgM (Lam-IgM), Lam-IgG, and GXM-IgM levels were significantly lower in patients who developed C-IRIS than those who did not. Multivariate analysis revealed significant inverse associations between C-IRIS and IgM (P = .0003), Lam-IgM (P = .0005), Lam-IgG (P = .002), and GXM-IgM (P = .002) independent of age, sex, HIV viral load, CD4+ T-cell count, and cerebrospinal fluid fungal burden. There were no associations between C-IRIS and total or memory B cells. Discussion: Antibody profiles that include plasma IgM, Lam-IgM, Lam-IgG, and/or GXM-IgM may have value in furthering our understanding of C-IRIS pathogenesis and hold promise as candidate biomarkers of C-IRIS risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.