ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2018
Tracing Gene Expression Through Detection of β-galactosidase Activity in Whole Mouse Embryos.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Mapping Shroom3 expression across the adult mouse.Gene expression patterns : GEP · 2025Article
- Cyclin-dependent kinase 13 is indispensable for normal mouse heart development.Journal of anatomy · 2025Article
- Generation and characterization of a mouse model of conditional Chd4 knockout in the endometrial epithelium.PloS one · 2025Article
- Stasimon/Tmem41b is required for cell proliferation and adult mouse survival.Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2024Article
- Dynamic Expression of Membrane Type 1-Matrix Metalloproteinase (Mt1-mmp/Mmp14) in the Mouse Embryo.Cells · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
The Escherichia coli LacZ gene, encoding β-galactosidase, is largely used as a reporter for gene expression and as a tracer in cell lineage studies. The classical histochemical reaction is based on the hydrolysis of the substrate X-gal in combination with ferric and ferrous ions, which produces an insoluble blue precipitate that is easy to visualize. Therefore, β-galactosidase activity serves as a marker for the expression pattern of the gene of interest as the development proceeds. Here we describe the standard protocol for the detection of β-galactosidase activity in early whole mouse embryos and the subsequent method for paraffin sectioning and counterstaining. Additionally, a procedure for clarifying whole embryos is provided to better visualize X-gal staining in deeper regions of the embryo. Consistent results are obtained by performing this procedure, although optimization of reaction conditions is needed to minimize background activity. Limitations in the assay should be also considered, particularly regarding the size of the embryo in whole mount staining. Our protocol provides a sensitive and a reliable method for β-galactosidase detection during the mouse development that can be further applied to the cryostat sections as well as whole organs. Thus, the dynamic gene expression patterns throughout development can be easily analyzed by using this protocol in whole embryos, but also detailed expression at the cellular level can be assessed after paraffin sectioning.
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Registered trials
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