ArticleTobacco regulatory science2018
Warning Size Affects What Adolescents Recall From Tobacco Advertisements.
Article in Tobacco regulatory science, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Optimizing Warnings on E-Cigarette Advertisements.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Trial
- Adolescent males' responses to blu's fake warnings.Tobacco control · 2019Trial
- Tobacco Advertisements Near Schools and Its Association with Smoking Behaviour Students in North Sumatera Province, Indonesia.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Analysis of combined probability and nonprobability samples: A simulation evaluation and application to a teen smoking behavior survey.Communications in statistics: Simulation and computation · 2024Article
- Visual attention and recall of flavored cigarillo package elements among young adults: A randomized control trial.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Visual attention to blu's parody warnings and the FDA's warning on e-cigarette advertisements.Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- Research on Youth and Young Adult Tobacco Use, 2013-2018, From the Food and Drug Administration-National Institutes of Health Tobacco Centers of Regulatory Science.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2020Review
- Memorability of Cigarette Advertisements Making "Natural" Claims Among Adolescents.Tobacco regulatory science · 2019Article
- Visibility and hotspots of outdoor tobacco advertisement around educational facilities without an advertising ban: Geospatial analysis in Surabaya City, Indonesia.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesIn the U.S., print advertisements for smokeless tobacco (SLT) feature a large black-and-white text warning covering 20% of the advertisement space. Cigarette and e-cigarette advertisements feature a small warning covering approximately 4% of advertisement space. We explored how warning size affects adolescent boys' spontaneous recollection of the warning, brand-relevant advertisement features, and product risks.
methods1,220 adolescent males (ages 11-16) viewed SLT, cigarette, and e-cigarette advertisements. After each advertisement, boys were asked to recall what they remembered most. Coders identified recalls of the warning label, brand-relevant advertisement features, and risks associated with the product in responses.
resultsParticipants were less likely to recall warnings in the cigarette vs. SLT (OR=0.30, p<0.001) and e-cigarette vs. SLT (OR=0.15, p<0.001) ads. Separate GEEs revealed that boys who recalled warnings were less likely to mention brand-relevant advertisement features (OR's<0.32, p's<0.001). Logistic regressions revealed that boys who recalled the warnings were more likely to mention risks associated with the products (OR's>3.50, p's<0.001).
conclusionsYouth are more likely to recall large SLT warnings than small cigarette and e-cigarette warnings. Warning recall is associated with lower likelihood of recalling brand-relevant advertisement features and greater likelihood of mentioning product risks.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.