ReviewMovement disorders clinical practice
Systematic Review of Rehabilitation in Focal Dystonias: Classification and Recommendations.
Review in Movement disorders clinical practice. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Optimal physiotherapy management strategies for cervical dystonia: an international Delphi study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Specific components of manual dexterity are affected in patients with writer's cramp: an observational comparative study and preliminary rehabilitation report.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2026Observational
- Article
- Advice to people with Parkinson's in my clinic: How to manage running-induced dystonia.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2025Review
- More than a Movement Disorder: Non-Motor Features and Future Directions in Dystonia Research.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Enhancing Motor Function and Quality of Life Combining Advanced Robotics and Biomechatronics in an Adult with Dystonic Spastic Tetraparesis: A Case Report.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Neurorehabilitation in Dystonia Care: Key Questions of Who Benefits, What Modalities, and When to Intervene.Dystonia (Lausanne, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genetic Update and Treatment for Dystonia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Spatiotemporal Gait Differences before and after Botulinum Toxin in People with Focal Dystonia: A Pilot Study.Movement disorders clinical practice · 2024Article
- Dystonias: Clinical Recognition and the Role of Additional Diagnostic Testing.Seminars in neurology · 2023Article
- Diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations in adult dystonia: a joint document by the Italian Society of Neurology, the Italian Academy for the Study of Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders, and the Italian Network on Botulinum Toxin.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Article
- How Do I Rehabilitate Patients with Cervical Dystonia Remotely?Movement disorders clinical practice · 2021Article
- Neurorehabilitation in dystonia: a holistic perspective.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2021Review
- Patient perspectives on the therapeutic profile of botulinum neurotoxin type A in cervical dystonia.Journal of neurology · 2021Article
- Best Practices in the Clinical Management of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome: A Consensus Statement of the CurePSP Centers of Care.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
- The Dystonia Coalition: A Multicenter Network for Clinical and Translational Studies.Frontiers in neurology · 2021Review
- Treatment of Dystonia: Medications, Neurotoxins, Neuromodulation, and Rehabilitation.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2020Review
- Medical and Surgical Treatments for Dystonia.Neurologic clinics · 2020Review
- Sensory trick phenomenon in cervical dystonia: a functional MRI study.Journal of neurology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRehabilitation interventions are rarely utilized as an alternative or adjunct therapy for focal dystonias. Reasons for limited utilization are unknown, but lack of conclusive evidence of effectiveness is likely a crucial factor. METHODS AND
findingsThe purpose of this systematic review was to determine the level of evidence for rehabilitation interventions in focal dystonias. Rehabilitation interventions were classified based upon the underlying theoretical basis of different approaches, and the strength of evidence for each category was evaluated to identify gaps in the field. Prospective studies using rehabilitation methods in cervical, hand, and foot dystonia were reviewed. The key elements of treatments tested were identified and studies were grouped into six categories based on the theoretical basis of the intervention: (1) movement practice, (2) training with constraint, (3) sensory reorganization, (4) normalization of muscle activity with external techniques, (5) neuromodulation with training, and (6) compensatory strategies. Quality of the body of evidence ranged from very low-to-low according to the grades of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE). Despite inconclusive evidence for these rehabilitation approaches, data suggest that intensive movement practice and neuromodulation combined with motor training should be further explored.
conclusionsThis systematic review presents a novel approach to classify studies of rehabilitation in focal dystonias based on the theoretical basis of intervention. The proposed classification system will move toward a unified theoretical understanding of rehabilitation interventions in dystonia. Moreover, it will help provide recommendations for clinical applications and future investigations.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.