ReviewBiological psychiatry2018
The Predictive Coding Account of Psychosis.
Review in Biological psychiatry, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 379 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
379 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Mapping symptom-general and symptom-specific targets for transcranial magnetic stimulation in schizophrenia: an electric-field modeling meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Examining the relationships between cognition and auditory hallucinations: A systematic review.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Prior Expectations of Volatility Following Psychotherapy for Delusions: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2025Trial
- Ketamine reduces the neural distinction between self- and other-produced affective touch: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Trial
- Pharmacological Enhancement of Dopamine Neurotransmission Does Not Affect Illusory Pattern Perception.eNeuro · 2024Trial
- Apical integration theory provides a neural basis for understanding disorganization and consciousness in the schizophrenias.Current research in neurobiology · 2026Article
- Neurophysiological dynamics related to perception, action, and language in schizophrenia.Science advances · 2026Article
- Environmental Exposures and Computational Mechanisms in Psychosis Risk: Insights from a Multi-Site Cohort.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2026Article
- Structuring the World: Statistical Learning From the Top and From the Bottom.The European journal of neuroscience · 2026Review
- Neural Oscillatory Signatures of Predictive Processing in Visual Statistical Learning.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Article
- The role of attention in perceptual biases in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder and healthy controls.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Altered semantic prediction error processing with increasing schizotypal and autistic traits.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Patient-AI Relationship in Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: A Cognitive-Behavioral Framework.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Social expectations in early-stage psychosis: Less stereotypical facial expression predictions.Schizophrenia research. Cognition · 2026Article
- Retinal Origins of Aberrant Salience in Schizophrenia: The Perceptual Theory.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Review
- Animal Models for Drug Discovery in Schizophrenia: A Critical View from a Clinical Perspective.Pharmaceutical medicine · 2026Review
- Polygenic risk meets early trauma: toward a neuropsychodevelopmental model of schizophrenia.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- A Dual Prediction Error Populations Model of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Bridging NMDA Hypofunction and Gain Hyperfunction.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2026Article
- Visuomotor mismatch EEG responses over occipital cortex of freely moving human subjects.eLife · 2026Article
- Aberrant insula activity to negative and reduced learning from positive feedback underlie maladaptive self-beliefs in depression.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
319 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Fueled by developments in computational neuroscience, there has been increasing interest in the underlying neurocomputational mechanisms of psychosis. One successful approach involves predictive coding and Bayesian inference. Here, inferences regarding the current state of the world are made by combining prior beliefs with incoming sensory signals. Mismatches between prior beliefs and incoming signals constitute prediction errors that drive new learning. Psychosis has been suggested to result from a decreased precision in the encoding of prior beliefs relative to the sensory data, thereby garnering maladaptive inferences. Here, we review the current evidence for aberrant predictive coding and discuss challenges for this canonical predictive coding account of psychosis. For example, hallucinations and delusions may relate to distinct alterations in predictive coding, despite their common co-occurrence. More broadly, some studies implicate weakened prior beliefs in psychosis, and others find stronger priors. These challenges might be answered with a more nuanced view of predictive coding. Different priors may be specified for different sensory modalities and their integration, and deficits in each modality need not be uniform. Furthermore, hierarchical organization may be critical. Altered processes at lower levels of a hierarchy need not be linearly related to processes at higher levels (and vice versa). Finally, canonical theories do not highlight active inference-the process through which the effects of our actions on our sensations are anticipated and minimized. It is possible that conflicting findings might be reconciled by considering these complexities, portending a framework for psychosis more equipped to deal with its many manifestations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.