ArticleMycotoxin research2018
Gliotoxin penetrates and impairs the integrity of the human blood-brain barrier in vitro.
Article in Mycotoxin research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Opportunistic pathogenicity in fungi can transcend species boundaries.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Gut-Brain Inflammation and Disrupted Homeostasis Due to Activation of Mast Cells and Microglia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Systemic Aspergillosis in Dogs: A Historical and Current State-of-the-Art Review.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Mechanisms ofVirulence · 2025Article
- Contribution of CNS and extra-CNS infections to neurodegeneration: a narrative review.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- A human pluripotent stem cell-derived in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier in cerebral malaria.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- Review
- Naringin from Coffee Inhibits FoodborneMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Mycoviruses in Fungi: Carcinogenesis of Fungal Agents May Not Always Be Mycotoxin Related.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Host immune responses in the central nervous system during fungal infections.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- The blood-brain barrier is dysregulated in COVID-19 and serves as a CNS entry route for SARS-CoV-2.Stem cell reports · 2022Article
- In Vitro Models of the Human Blood-Brain Barrier Utilising Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Opportunities and Challenges.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- The roles of fungus in CNS autoimmune and neurodegeneration disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerationFrontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Toxic Mechanism of Gliotoxins and Biosynthetic Strategies for Toxicity Prevention.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Mold, Mycotoxins and a Dysregulated Immune System: A Combination of Concern?International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- In vitro infection models to study fungal-host interactions.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2021Review
- Mechanisms of fungal dissemination.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- Antibody-guided in vivo imaging of Aspergillus fumigatus lung infections during antifungal azole treatment.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Central Nervous System Mold Infections in Children with Hematological Malignancies: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cerebral fungal infections represent an important public health concern, where a key element of pathophysiology is the ability of the fungi to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Yet the mechanism used by micro-organisms to cross such a barrier and invade the brain parenchyma remains unclear. This study investigated the effects of gliotoxin (GTX), a mycotoxin secreted by Aspergillus fumigatus, on the BBB using brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We observed that both acute (2 h) and prolonged (24 h) exposure to GTX at the level of 1 μM or higher compromised BMECs monolayer integrity. Notably, acute exposure was sufficient to disrupt the barrier function in iPSC-derived BMECs, resulting in decreased transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and increased fluorescein permeability. Further, our data suggest that such disruption occurred without affecting tight junction complexes, via alteration of cell-matrix interactions, alterations in F-actin distribution, through a protein kinase C-independent signaling. In addition to its effect on the barrier function, we have observed a low permeability of GTX across the BBB. This fact can be partially explained by possible interactions of GTX with membrane proteins. Taken together, this study suggests that GTX may contribute in cerebral invasion processes of Aspergillus fumigatus by altering the blood-brain barrier integrity without disrupting tight junction complexes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.