ReviewParasites & vectors2018
Epidemiology and ecology of West Nile virus in sub-Saharan Africa.
Review in Parasites & vectors, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Forgotten in the tropics: research on Culex mosquitoes is overshadowed in malaria and dengue-endemic regions.Parasites & vectors · 2026Pooled it
- Human West Nile virus infection: a meta-analysis of recent global data (2019-24).Journal of global health · 2025Pooled it
- Identifying genomic surveillance gaps in Africa for the global public health response to West Nile virus: a systematic review.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Pooled it
- Epidemiology of West Nile virus in Africa: An underestimated threat.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Distribution pattern and prevalence of West Nile virus infection in Nigeria from 1950 to 2020: a systematic review.Epidemiology and health · 2020Pooled it
- Widespread circulation of West Nile and Usutu viruses in sedentary and migratory avifauna: A two-year study (2024-2025) of active surveillance in South of France.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Modeling policy decisions to mitigate the risk of emerging arboviral diseases under ecological changes in Uganda: Proposing a one Health in all policies approach.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of mosquito arboviral infections detected through xenosurveillance in Africa: A focus on West Nile, Rift Valley fever, and chikungunya virus infections.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2026Review
- Adenoviral Vectors Expressing Optimized preM/E Genes of WNV Deliver Long-Term Protection Against Lethal West Nile Virus Challenge.Vaccines · 2025Article
- First report of West Nile virus infections in horses in Tunisia from 2018 to 2023.Virology journal · 2025Article
- (Re)Emerging Arboviruses of Public Health Significance in the Brazilian Amazon.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Tracking the Pathways of West Nile Virus: Phylogenetic and Phylogeographic Analysis of a 2024 Isolate from Portugal.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- A review of the mosquito-borne flaviviruses: Dengue virus and West Nile virus in Southern Africa.Virusdisease · 2025Review
- Seroprevalence of West Nile Fever and Associated Risk Factors in Livestock of Afar Region, Northeast Ethiopia.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- West Nile virus unmasked: from gene variability to future challenges.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- West Nile Virus: An Update Focusing on Southern Europe.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Viruses of free-roaming and hunting dogs in Uganda show elevated prevalence, richness and abundance across a gradient of contact with wildlife.The Journal of general virology · 2024Article
- Genomic epidemiology of West Nile virus in Europe.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Review
- Mcl-1 Protein and Viral Infections: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
West Nile virus (WNV) is the aetiological agent of the mosquito-borne zoonotic disease West Nile fever. The virus, first isolated in Uganda in 1937, evolved into two distinct lineages in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) that subsequently spread to most continents where the virus has evolved further as evident through phylogenetic analysis of extant genomes. Numerous published reports from the past 70 years from countries in SSA indicate that the virus is endemic across the region. However, due in part to the limited availability of diagnostic methods across large areas of the continent, the human burden of WNV is poorly understood. So too are the drivers for translocation of the virus from countries south of the Sahara Desert to North Africa and Europe. Migratory birds are implicated in this translocation although the transient viraemia, measured in days, and the time taken to migrate, measured in weeks, suggest a more complex mechanism is in play. This review considers the evidence for the presence of WNV across SSA and the role of migratory birds in the emergence of the virus in other continents.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.