ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2018
Risks of fatal opioid overdose during the first year following nonfatal overdose.
Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers.
What it found
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 128 citations in OpenAlex.
- Links between suicidal intent, polysubstance use, and medical treatment after non-fatal opioid overdose.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Higher prevalence of non-fatal overdose with opioid and stimulant use compared to use of opioids alone.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Nonfatal Drug Overdose in a National Sample of Adolescents by Intent and Substance, Medicaid 2016-2020.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2026Article
- Proportion of fentanyl reports in illicit drug seizures and nonfatal overdose emergency department visits in the United States, 2021-2024.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Developing Longitudinal Post-Overdose Care: A Call to Action.Journal of medical toxicology : official journal of the American College of Medical Toxicology · 2026Article
- Evaluating risk factors and protective clinical interventions for opioid use disorder and overdose in American Indian/Alaska Native populations.Journal of ethnicity in substance abuse · 2026Article
- Timely Receipt of New Medication Treatment After Acute Care Encounters for Opioid Overdose in the U.S. Medicaid Population.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Article
- High-risk emergency department visits and risk of all-cause mortality, suicide, and fatal overdose among US military veterans.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Post-overdose outreach programs in Massachusetts before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Overdose risk profiles in pregnancy: Latent class analysis of pregnant individuals with opioid use disorder.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- A chain of survival for drug overdose.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Identifying emergency department patients at high risk for opioid overdose using natural language processing and machine learning.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Longitudinal polysubstance use patterns and non-fatal overdose: A repeated measures latent class analysis.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Removing barriers to care: The importance of addressing nonfatal overdoses among women living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2025Article
- The association between glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist prescriptions and substance-related outcomes in patients with opioid and alcohol use disorders: A real-world data analysis.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Using RE-AIM Framework to Evaluate Recovery Opioid Overdose Team Plus: A Peer-Led Post-overdose Quick Response Team.Community mental health journal · 2025Article
- Initiation of opioid agonist treatment following hospital-treated opioid toxicities and the risk of repeat events in Ontario, Canada: a cohort study using inverse probability of treatment weights.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Characteristics associated with adult non-fatal opioid and stimulant overdose and substance use disorder emergency department visits in Michigan.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- How emergency departments are responding to the opioid crisis: Results from a statewide survey in Kentucky.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
- "You might be nice, but where you take me, they're not gonna be": Preferences for field-based post-overdose interventions.Drug and alcohol review · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle is known about risk factors for repeated opioid overdose and fatal opioid overdose in the first year following nonfatal opioid overdose.
methodsWe identified a national retrospective longitudinal cohort of patients aged 18-64 years in the Medicaid program who received a clinical diagnosis of nonfatal opioid overdose. Repeated overdoses and fatal opioid overdoses were measured with the Medicaid record and the National Death Index. Rates of repeat overdose per 1000 person-years and fatal overdose per 100,000 person-years were determined. Hazard ratios of repeated opioid overdose and fatal opioid overdose were estimated by Cox proportional hazards.
resultsNearly two-thirds (64.8%) of the patients with nonfatal overdoses (total n = 75,556) had filled opioid prescriptions in the 180 days before initial overdose. During the 12 months after nonfatal overdose, the rate of repeat overdose was 295.0 per 1000 person-years and that of fatal opioid overdose was 1154 per 100,000 person-years. After controlling for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and region, the hazard of fatal opioid overdose was increased for patients who had filled a benzodiazepine prescription in the 180 days prior to their initial overdose (HR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.46-1.99), whose initial overdose involved heroin (HR = 1.57, 95%CI:1.30-1.89), or who required mechanical ventilation at the initial overdose (HR = 1.86, 95%CI = 1.50-2.31).
conclusionsAdults treated for opioid overdose frequently have repeated opioid overdoses in the following year. They are also at high risk of fatal opioid overdose throughout this period, which underscores the importance of efforts to engage and maintain patients in evidence-based opioid treatments following nonfatal overdose.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.