ArticleHuman brain mapping2018
Intrinsic connectivity network dynamics in PTSD during amygdala downregulation using real-time fMRI neurofeedback: A preliminary analysis.
Article in Human brain mapping, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04654130 (An Effectiveness Trial Examining Neurofeedback in Adults With PTSD), which is not on this map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Effectiveness Trial Examining Neurofeedback in Adults With PTSD
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- The efficacy of real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging neurofeedback for psychiatric illness: A meta-analysis of brain and behavioral outcomes.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of fMRI neurofeedback reporting and effects in clinical populations.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2020Pooled it
- Personalized fMRI-Guided TMS Targeting the Threat Neurocircuitry in PTSD: A Randomized Clinical Trial.The American journal of psychiatry · 2026Trial
- A randomized, controlled trial of alpha-rhythm EEG neurofeedback in posttraumatic stress disorder: A preliminary investigation showing evidence of decreased PTSD symptoms and restored default mode and salience network connectivity using fMRI.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2020Trial
- Self-Processing Circuits Among Depressed Youth After Amygdala Neurofeedback Cued to the Self-Face.Journal of neuroscience research · 2025Article
- Study protocol for a multi-session randomized sham-controlled trial of PCC- and amygdala-targeted neurofeedback for the treatment of PTSD.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Exploring the impact of biological sex on intrinsic connectivity networks in PTSD: A data-driven approach.Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry · 2025Article
- Neural correlates and plasticity of explicit emotion regulation following the experience of trauma.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Review
- DMN network and neurocognitive changes associated with dissociative symptoms in major depressive disorder: a research protocol.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- The Clinical Impact of Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback on Emotion Regulation: A Systematic Review.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Amygdala fMRI-A Critical Appraisal of the Extant Literature.Neuroscience insights · 2024Review
- A pharmacological challenge paradigm to assess neural signatures of script-elicited acute dissociation in women with post-traumatic stress disorder.BJPsych open · 2023Article
- Posterior cingulate cortex targeted real-time fMRI neurofeedback recalibrates functional connectivity with the amygdala, posterior insula, and default-mode network in PTSD.Brain and behavior · 2023Article
- Homeostatic normalization of alpha brain rhythms within the default-mode network and reduced symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder following a randomized controlled trial of electroencephalogram neurofeedback.Brain communications · 2023Article
- A tale of two targets: examining the differential effects of posterior cingulate cortex- and amygdala-targeted fMRI-neurofeedback in a PTSD pilot study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Neural correlates of anxious distress in depression: A neuroimaging study of reactivity to emotional faces and resting-state functional connectivity.Depression and anxiety · 2022Article
- One session of fMRI-Neurofeedback training on motor imagery modulates whole-brain effective connectivity and dynamical complexity.Cerebral cortex communications · 2022Article
- Differential mechanisms of posterior cingulate cortex downregulation and symptom decreases in posttraumatic stress disorder and healthy individuals using real-time fMRI neurofeedback.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
- Functional imaging correlates of childhood trauma: A qualitative review of past research and emerging trends.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with a disturbance in neural intrinsic connectivity networks (ICN), including the central executive network (CEN), default mode network (DMN), and salience network (SN). Here, we conducted a preliminary investigation examining potential changes in ICN recruitment as a function of real-time fMRI neurofeedback (rt-fMRI-NFB) during symptom provocation where we targeted the downregulation of neural response within the amygdala-a key region-of-interest in PTSD neuropathophysiology. Patients with PTSD (n = 14) completed three sessions of rt-fMRI-NFB with the following conditions: (a) regulate: decrease activation in the amygdala while processing personalized trauma words; (b) view: process trauma words while not attempting to regulate the amygdala; and (c) neutral: process neutral words. We found that recruitment of the left CEN increased over neurofeedback runs during the regulate condition, a finding supported by increased dlPFC activation during the regulate as compared to the view condition. In contrast, DMN task-negative recruitment was stable during neurofeedback runs, albeit was the highest during view conditions and increased (normalized) during rest periods. Critically, SN recruitment was high for both the regulate and the view conditions, a finding potentially indicative of CEN modality switching, adaptive learning, and increasing threat/defense processing in PTSD. In conclusion, this study provides provocative, preliminary evidence that downregulation of the amygdala using rt-fMRI-NFB in PTSD is associated with dynamic changes in ICN, an effect similar to those observed using EEG modalities of neurofeedback.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.