ReviewMicrobiology spectrum2018
Genes within Genes in Bacterial Genomes.
Review in Microbiology spectrum, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Decoding Bacterial N-Terminal Proteoforms: Technologies, Challenges, and Functional Insights.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Comprehensive Phenotypic and Genomic Study for Understanding the Variability in Susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes to AMPs and Bacteriocins.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- TRAINSPOTTER: profiling nascent protein N-termini indicative of bacterial translation initiation via deformylation-assisted N-terminomics.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Gene-in-gene coding generates dual-isoform Fha condensates to control type VI secretion system assembly.Nature communications · 2026Article
- PIRT-Seq: a high-resolution whole-genome assay to identify protein-coding genes.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- De novo gene birth and the conundrum of ORFan genes in bacteria.Genome research · 2025Review
- Cellular function of the GndA microprotein during heat shock.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Complementary Ribo-seq approaches map the translatome and provide a small protein census in the foodborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni.Nature communications · 2025Article
- RIBOSS detects novel translational events by combining long- and short-read transcriptome and translatome profiling.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- The RNA Revolution in the Central Molecular Biology Dogma Evolution.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Proteins à la carte: riboproteogenomic exploration of bacterial N-terminal proteoform expression.mBio · 2024Article
- Toxic antiphage defense proteins inhibited by intragenic antitoxin proteins.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Prolonging genetic circuit stability through adaptive evolution of overlapping genes.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- A small protein coded within the mitochondrial canonical gene nd4 regulates mitochondrial bioenergetics.BMC biology · 2023Article
- Toxic anti-phage defense proteins inhibited by intragenic antitoxin proteins.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Region Met225 to Ile412 ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Pervasive translation ineLife · 2022Article
- RiboReport - benchmarking tools for ribosome profiling-based identification of open reading frames in bacteria.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2022Article
- Overlapping genes in natural and engineered genomes.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2022Review
- Biological factors in the synthetic construction of overlapping genes.BMC genomics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Genetic coding in bacteria largely operates via the "one gene-one protein" paradigm. However, the peculiarities of the mRNA structure, the versatility of the genetic code, and the dynamic nature of translation sometimes allow organisms to deviate from the standard rules of protein encoding. Bacteria can use several unorthodox modes of translation to express more than one protein from a single mRNA cistron. One such alternative path is the use of additional translation initiation sites within the gene. Proteins whose translation is initiated at different start sites within the same reading frame will differ in their N termini but will have identical C-terminal segments. On the other hand, alternative initiation of translation in a register different from the frame dictated by the primary start codon will yield a protein whose sequence is entirely different from the one encoded in the main frame. The use of internal mRNA codons as translation start sites is controlled by the nucleotide sequence and the mRNA folding. The proteins of the alternative proteome generated via the "genes-within-genes" strategy may carry important functions. In this review, we summarize the currently known examples of bacterial genes encoding more than one protein due to the utilization of additional translation start sites and discuss the known or proposed functions of the alternative polypeptides in relation to the main protein product of the gene. We also discuss recent proteome- and genome-wide approaches that will allow the discovery of novel translation initiation sites in a systematic fashion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.