ReviewPharmaceutical research2018
Barriers to Effective Drug Treatment for Brain Metastases: A Multifactorial Problem in the Delivery of Precision Medicine.
Review in Pharmaceutical research, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Intrathecal immune checkpoint inhibitors as adjunctive therapy for leptomeningeal disease: A case series and systematic review.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Clinical Management of Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Brain Metastases, and Actionable Genomic Alterations: A Systematic Literature Review.Advances in therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Article
- Re-expression of MHC-I to treat CNS cancers.Oncotarget · 2026Review
- Expression of HER2, HER3, and TROP2 in primary tumors and brain metastases of breast cancer.Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan) · 2026Article
- Discovery of Potent and Brain-Penetrable Tubulin Inhibitors that Effectively Suppress Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2026Article
- Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Prognostic Applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Clinical Management of Brain Metastases (BMs).Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Eligibility Criteria in Advanced Urothelial Cancer Clinical Trials: An Assessment of Modernization and Inclusion.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Towards a New Dawn for Neuro-Oncology: Nanomedicine at the Service of Drug Delivery for Primary and Secondary Brain Tumours.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Modernizing Neuro-Oncology: The Impact of Imaging, Liquid Biopsies, and AI on Diagnosis and Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A Repurposed Drug Selection Pipeline to Identify CNS-Penetrant Drug Candidates for Glioblastoma.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- PARP Inhibitors in Brain Metastases from Epithelial Ovarian Cancer through a Multimodal Patient Journey: Case Reports and Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Expert consensus on the use of third-generation EGFR-TKIs in EGFR-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer with various T790M mutations post-resistance to first-/second-generation EGFR-TKIs.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2024Review
- Navigating the Blood-Brain Barrier: Challenges and Therapeutic Strategies in Breast Cancer Brain Metastases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Preliminary Attainability Assessment of Real-World Data for Answering Major Clinical Research Questions in Breast Cancer Brain Metastasis: Framework Development and Validation Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- Pretherapy Ferumoxytol-enhanced MRI to Predict Response to Liposomal Irinotecan in Metastatic Breast Cancer.Radiology. Imaging cancer · 2023Article
- Genomic Profiling Identifies Putative Pathogenic Alterations in NSCLC Brain Metastases.JTO clinical and research reports · 2022Article
- Drug Repurposing, a Fast-Track Approach to Develop Effective Treatments for Glioblastoma.Cancers · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The treatment of metastatic lesions in the brain represents a serious unmet medical need in the field of neuro-oncology. Even though many effective compounds have demonstrated success in treating peripheral (non-CNS) tumors with targeted agents, one aspect of this lack of success in the brain may be related to poor delivery of otherwise effective compounds. Many factors can influence the brain delivery of these agents, but one key barrier is a heterogeneously "leaky" BBB that expresses efflux transporters that limit the BBB permeability for many targeted agents. Future success in therapeutics for brain metastases must take into account the adequate delivery of "active, free drug" to the target, and may include combinations of targeted drugs that are appropriate to address each individual patient's tumor type. This review discusses some issues that are pertinent to precision medicine for brain metastases, using specific examples of tumor types that have a high incidence of brain metastases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.