ArticleActa pharmacologica Sinica2019
Thymopentin-loaded phospholipid-based phase separation gel with long-lasting immunomodulatory effects: in vitro and in vivo studies.
Article in Acta pharmacologica Sinica, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Water-Activated Phospholipid Phase-Separation Gel as an Immunomodulatory Anti-Adhesion Barrier for Postoperative Adhesion Prevention.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Advanced herbal self-assembled nanoplatforms: targeted, stimuli-responsive, and precision therapeutics for human diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- Thymopentin Enhances Antitumor Immunity Through Thymic Rejuvenation and T Cell Functional Reprogramming.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Novel Hybrid Peptide DEFB126 (1-39)-TP5 Inhibits LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses and Oxidative Stress by Neutralizing LPS and Blocking the TLR4/MD2-NFκB Signaling Axis.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Injectable and In Situ Phospholipid-Based Phase Separation Gel for Sustained Delivery of Altrenogest.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A metal-organic nanoframework for efficient colorectal cancer immunotherapy by the cGAS-STING pathway activation and immune checkpoint blockade.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- The Advances in Phospholipids-Based Phase Separation Gels for the Sustained Release of Peptides, Proteins, and Chemotherapeutics.Pharmaceutics · 2024Review
- Biomedical applications of stimuli-responsive "smart" interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Molecular hybridization modification improves the stability and immunomodulatory activity of TP5 peptide.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- The Protective Effects of Water-Soluble Alginic Acid on the N-Terminal of Thymopentin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Carrier-free delivery of thymopentin-regulated injectable nanogels via an enhanced cancer immunity cycle against melanoma metastasis.Materials today. Bio · 2023Article
- A sustained-release phospholipid-based phase separation gel loaded with berberine for treating rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- rhCNB Improves Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunodeficiency in BALB/c Mice.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
- Rational Design of Immunomodulatory Hydrogels for Chronic Wound Healing.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2021Review
- Targeting the TLR2 Receptor With a Novel Thymopentin-Derived Peptide Modulates Immune Responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Thymopentin (TP5) is an effective immunomodulatory agent for autoimmune disease that has been used clinically for decades. However, its application is greatly limited by its extremely short half-life in vivo, poor membrane permeability and extensive metabolism in gastrointestinal tract, resulting in repeated injection and poor patient compliance. In the present study, we developed a TP5-loaded, phospholipid-based phase separation gel (PPSG) to achieve sustained drug release profile and long-lasting therapeutic effects. We firstly demonstrated the physiochemical characteristics of PPSG before and after phase transition by examining the viscosity and morphology change caused by the phase transition. Moreover, the PPSG exerted a low cytotoxicity in L929 cells and HUVECs, suggesting the biocompatibility of PPSG. A month-long drug release profile of TP5 PPSG was observed both in vitro and in vivo, revealing its sustained and controlled drug release property. Most importantly, in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressive rats, a single dose of TP5 PPSG (15 mg/kg, sc) injected could normalize their T-SOD levels and CD4+/CD8+ ratio; such an immunoregulatory effect was comparable to that produced by repeated injection of TP5 solution (0.6 mg/kg per day, sc) for 14 consecutive days. Thus, TP5 PPSG has a great potential for sustained delivery of TP5 in clinical use because of its simple manufacture process, good biocompatibility and long-lasting immunomodulatory efficacy, which could greatly improve patient compliance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.