Trial reportClinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia2018
A Pilot Trial of Lirilumab With or Without Azacitidine for Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome.
Trial report in Clinical lymphoma, myeloma & leukemia, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- The soldiers needed to be awakened: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Innate immune imprints shape HIV-1 reservoir cell persistence during long-term antiretroviral therapy.Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Engineered natural killer cells for cancer therapy.Cancer cell · 2025Review
- Epi-Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment: Mechanisms, Clinical Progress, and Future Directions.Cancer innovation · 2025Review
- Advances in the role of NK cells in MDS immune dysfunction and antitumor research.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Targeting natural killer cells: from basic biology to clinical application in hematologic malignancies.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2024Review
- Targeting Potential of Innate Lymphoid Cells in Melanoma and Other Cancers.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- T Cells in Colorectal Cancer: Unravelling the Function of Different T Cell Subsets in the Tumor Microenvironment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Daratumumab induces cell-mediated cytotoxicity of primary effusion lymphoma and is active against refractory disease.Oncoimmunology · 2023Article
- Leveraging Natural Killer Cell Innate Immunity against Hematologic Malignancies: From Stem Cell Transplant to Adoptive Transfer and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Natural killer cells in antitumour adoptive cell immunotherapy.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2022Review
- Epi-immunotherapy for cancers: rationales of epi-drugs in combination with immunotherapy and advances in clinical trials.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2022Review
- Natural killer cells: a promising immunotherapy for cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Review
- Blockade of inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and IL-2 triggering reverses the functional hypoactivity of tumor-derived NK-cells in glioblastomas.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Therapeutic strategies for gastric cancer targeting immune cells: Future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Innovative Strategies to Improve the Clinical Application of NK Cell-Based Immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- From Immune Dysregulations to Therapeutic Perspectives in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- Recent developments in epigenetic cancer therapeutics: clinical advancement and emerging trends.Journal of biomedical science · 2021Review
- Harnessing NK cells for cancer immunotherapy: immune checkpoint receptors and chimeric antigen receptors.BMB reports · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEnhancement of natural killer cell activity by blocking interactions between killer immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (KIRs) and human leukocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) molecules can improve outcomes in myeloid malignancies. Lirilumab is a human IgG4 monoclonal antibody that blocks KIR/HLA-C interaction. We designed a study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of lirilumab as a single agent and in combination with azacitidine in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). PATIENTS AND
methodsAdult patients with MDS who had not received previous hypomethylating agents were included. Lower-risk MDS patients received single-agent lirilumab (3 mg/kg); higher-risk patients received azacitidine (75 mg/m
resultsA total of 10 patients including 8 with higher and 2 with lower-risk enrolled. The median age was 70 (range, 50-84) years and 4 (40%) had complex cytogenetics. Baseline molecular mutations included TP53 (n = 5), TET2 (n = 3), and NRAS (n = 2). Patients received a median of 4 (range, 2-13) and 9 (range, 5-14) cycles of treatment with azacitidine with lirilumab and single-agent lirilumab, respectively. Two patients achieved complete remission (CR), 5 marrow CR, and 3 had stable disease. The median event-free survival for the entire cohort was 8 months (95% confidence interval, 4 months to not reached), and the median overall survival has not yet been reached. Five patients experienced 8 episodes of Grade ≥3 adverse events attributable to study drug, with the most frequent being infection or neutropenic fever (75%).
conclusionLirilumab either as a single agent as well as used in combination with azacitidine has clinical activity in patients with MDS. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.