Evidence map›Paper›PMID 30001426›Full record

ArticlePloS one2018

Reduced microbiome alpha diversity in young patients with ADHD.

Alexander Prehn-Kristensen, Alexandra Zimmermann, Lukas Tittmann, Wolfgang Lieb, Stefan Schreiber, Lioba Baving, Annegret Fischer

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07756255 (Feasibility, Safety and Tolerability of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Adolescent Population With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), which is not on this map. Cited by 159 papers, 12 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
159citing papers in PubMed, 12 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07756255 phase2not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Feasibility, Safety and Tolerability of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in an Adolescent Population With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of CalgaryRan2026 to 2029Enrolled64ConditionsADHD, ADHD - Attention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity, ADHD - Combined TypeArmsFecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT), Nitazoxanide 500mg BID, Vancomycin 250mg BID, Placebo Vancomycin, Placebo Nitazoxanide
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

159 citing papers in PubMed, 12 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  19. Gut Microbiome and ADHD: A Narrative Review of Clinical Evidence and Practice Implications.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026
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99 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Alexander Prehn-KristensenDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Integrative Psychiatry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-3510-9888
Alexandra ZimmermannDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Integrative Psychiatry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
Lukas TittmannInstitute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
Wolfgang LiebInstitute for Epidemiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
Stefan SchreiberInstitute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
Lioba BavingDepartment of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Centre for Integrative Psychiatry, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.
Annegret FischerInstitute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

ADHD is a psychiatric disorder which is characterized by hyperactivity, impulsivity and attention problems. Due to recent findings of microbial involvement in other psychiatric disorders like autism and depression, a role of the gut microbiota in ADHD pathogenesis is assumed but has not yet been investigated. In this study, the gut microbiota of 14 male ADHD patients (mean age: 11.9 yrs.) and 17 male controls (mean age: 13.1 yrs.) was examined via next generation sequencing of 16S rDNA and analyzed for diversity and biomarkers. We found that the microbial diversity (alpha diversity) was significantly decreased in ADHD patients compared to controls (pShannon = 0.036) and that the composition (beta diversity) differed significantly between patients and controls (pANOSIM = 0.033, pADONIS = 0.006, pbetadisper = 0.002). In detail, the bacterial family Prevotellacae was associated with controls, while patients with ADHD showed elevated levels of Bacteroidaceae, and both Neisseriaceae and Neisseria spec. were found as possible biomarkers for juvenile ADHD. Our results point to a possible link of certain microbiota with ADHD, with Neisseria spec. being a very promising ADHD-associated candidate. This finding provides the basis for a systematic, longitudinal assessment of the role of the gut microbiome in ADHD, yielding promising potential for both prevention and therapeutic intervention.

Indexed as

BiodiversityGastrointestinal MicrobiomeNeisseriaAdolescentAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildDNA, BacterialDNA, RibosomalHumansMaleRNA, BacterialRNA, Ribosomal, 16SDNA, BacterialDNA, RibosomalRNA, BacterialRNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Identifiers

PMID30001426
PMCPMC6042771

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.