Observational studyPLoS neglected tropical diseases2018
Clinical, environmental, and behavioral characteristics associated with Cryptosporidium infection among children with moderate-to-severe diarrhea in rural western Kenya, 2008-2012: The Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS).
Observational study in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health sequelae of human cryptosporidiosis in industrialised countries: a systematic review.Parasites & vectors · 2020Pooled it
- Cryptosporidiosis at the human-ruminant interface in Aswan, Egypt: a one health epidemiological study using microscopy, immunofluorescence, and PCR.BMC veterinary research · 2026Article
- Impact of asymptomatic Cryptosporidium infection on nutritional status in children under two: a multi-country cohort study.BMC nutrition · 2025Article
- Cryptosporidium infection and associated factors among diarrheic children under five years of age in Eastern Ethiopia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- Genetic characterizations of Cryptosporidium spp. from children with or without diarrhea in Wenzhou, China: high probability of zoonotic transmission.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Outbreak of Diarrhea Caused by a NovelOpen forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Exploring Survey-Based Water, Sanitation, and Animal Associations With Enteric Pathogen Carriage: Comparing Results in a Cohort of Cases With Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea to Those in Controls in the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study, 2015-2018.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Clinical and Epidemiologic Features of Cryptosporidium-Associated Diarrheal Disease Among Young Children Living in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Article
- Reducing Calf Mortality in Ethiopia.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- A comparison of risk factors for cryptosporidiosis and non-cryptosporidiosis diarrhoea: A case-case-control study in Ethiopian children.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Molecular Characterisation ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Molecular Epidemiology of Human Cryptosporidiosis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2021Review
- One health therapeutics: Target-Based drug development for cryptosporidiosis and other apicomplexa diseases.Veterinary parasitology · 2021Review
- Benefits and Risks of Smallholder Livestock Production on Child Nutrition in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Review
- Prevalence and Correlates ofOpen forum infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Review
- What constitutes a neglected tropical disease?PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- OHMI: the ontology of host-microbiome interactions.Journal of biomedical semantics · 2019Article
- Performance of three rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in children with severe acute malnutrition and diarrhoea.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2019Article
- The impact of water crises and climate changes on the transmission of protozoan parasites in Africa.Pathogens and global health · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCryptosporidium is a leading cause of moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) in young children in Africa. We examined factors associated with Cryptosporidium infection in MSD cases enrolled at the rural western Kenya Global Enteric Multicenter Study (GEMS) site from 2008-2012. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsAt health facility enrollment, stool samples were tested for enteric pathogens and data on clinical, environmental, and behavioral characteristics collected. Each child's health status was recorded at 60-day follow-up. Data were analyzed using logistic regression. Of the 1,778 children with MSD enrolled as cases in the GEMS-Kenya case-control study, 11% had Cryptosporidium detected in stool by enzyme immunoassay; in a genotyped subset, 81% were C. hominis. Among MSD cases, being an infant, having mucus in stool, and having prolonged/persistent duration diarrhea were associated with being Cryptosporidium-positive. Both boiling drinking water and using rainwater as the main drinking water source were protective factors for being Cryptosporidium-positive. At follow-up, Cryptosporidium-positive cases had increased odds of being stunted (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.65, 95% CI: 1.06-2.57), underweight (aOR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.34-3.22), or wasted (aOR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.21-3.43), and had significantly larger negative changes in height- and weight-for-age z-scores from enrollment. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Cryptosporidium contributes significantly to diarrheal illness in young children in western Kenya. Advances in point of care detection, prevention/control approaches, effective water treatment technologies, and clinical management options for children with cryptosporidiosis are needed.
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