ArticleClinical obesity2018
Individuals with obesity but no other metabolic risk factors are not at significantly elevated all-cause mortality risk in men and women.
Article in Clinical obesity, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Weekly Subcutaneous VK2735, a GIP/GLP-1 Receptor Dual Agonist, for Weight Management: Phase 2, Randomized, 13-Week VENTURE Study.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2026Trial
- The Edmonton Obesity Staging System and pregnancy outcomes in women with overweight or obesity: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial.Clinical obesity · 2022Trial
- A feasibility study of the effects of concurrent transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on mindfulness training in adults living with overweight or obesity: the MINDED trial protocol.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2026Article
- Exploring Metabolic Obesity Phenotypes and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Arab Adults.Clinical obesity · 2025Article
- Dynapenic abdominal obesity and the risks of heart disease and all-cause mortality: a 7-year longitudinal study among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Metabolic Scarring: The Persistent Impact of Past Obesity on Long-Term Metabolic Health Despite Weight Loss.Endocrinology, diabetes & metabolism · 2025Article
- [Adaptation of the Edmonton Obesity Staging System to Brazilian PortugueseAdaptación del sistema de estadios de la obesidad de Edmonton al contexto brasileño].Revista panamericana de salud publica = Pan American journal of public health · 2025Article
- Vitamin D and the Metabolic Phenotype in Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery: A Longitudinal Study.Obesity surgery · 2024Article
- Retracted: Arterial Stiffness and Obesity as Predictors of Diabetes: Longitudinal Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Low Handgrip Strength (Possible Sarcopenia) With Insulin Resistance Is Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2024Article
- Predictors of 5-year Survival of Elderly with Hypertension. A Prospective Cohort Study.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Independent and joint effects of body mass index and metabolic health in mid- and late-life on all-cause mortality: a cohort study from the Swedish Twin Registry with a mean follow-up of 13 Years.BMC public health · 2022Article
- The Effects of Antioxidants from Natural Products on Obesity, Dyslipidemia, Diabetes and Their Molecular Signaling Mechanism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- How useful are body mass index and history of diabetes in COVID-19 risk stratification?PloS one · 2022Article
- Reaching 80 Years of Age: Clinical, Behavioral, and Psychosocial Related Risk Factors in a Large Cohort of Israeli Working Men.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Weight-Based Teasing and Metabolic Syndrome Components among Adolescent Military Dependents at Risk for Adult Obesity.Childhood obesity (Print) · 2021Article
- Associations of Metabolic/Obesity Phenotypes with Insulin Resistance and C-Reactive Protein: Results from the CNTR Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2021Article
- All-cause mortality in metabolically healthy individuals was not predicted by overweight and obesity.JCI insight · 2020Article
- Large extended abdominoplasty-dispelling the myths of prohibitively high BMI's: a case report.Journal of surgical case reports · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Studies have examined mortality risk for metabolically healthy obesity, defined as zero or one metabolic risk factors but not as zero risk factors. Thus, we sought to determine the independent mortality risk associated with obesity or elevated glucose, blood pressure or lipids in isolation or clustered together. The sample included 54 089 men and women from five cohort studies (follow-up = 12.8 ± 7.2 years and 4864 [9.0%] deaths). Individuals were categorized as having obesity or elevated glucose, blood pressure or lipids alone or clustered with obesity or another metabolic factor. In our study sample, 6% of individuals presented with obesity but no other metabolic abnormalities. General obesity (hazard ratios [HR], 95% CI = 1.10, 0.8-1.6) and abdominal obesity (HR = 1.24, 0.9-1.7) in the absence of metabolic risk factors were not associated with mortality risk compared to lean individuals. Conversely, diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia in isolation were significantly associated with mortality risk (HR range = 1.17-1.94, P < 0.05). However, when using traditional approaches, obesity (HR = 1.12, 1.02-1.23) is independently associated with mortality risk after statistical adjustment for the other metabolic risk factors. Similarly, metabolically healthy obesity, when defined as zero or one risk factor, is also associated with increased mortality risk (HR = 1.15, 1.01-1.32) as compared to lean healthy individuals. Obesity in the absence of metabolic abnormalities may not be associated with higher risk for all-cause mortality compared to lean healthy individuals. Conversely, elevation of even a single metabolic risk factor is associated with increased mortality risk.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.