ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2018
Cumulative Incidence of Hypertension by 55 Years of Age in Blacks and Whites: The CARDIA Study.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
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77 citing papers in PubMed, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Barriers to Medication Adherence and Mild Cognitive Impairment Among African Americans with Persistently Uncontrolled Hypertension: A Cross-sectional Analysis from the Southeastern Collaboration Trial.Journal of general internal medicine · 2026Trial
- Patient Perceptions of Provider Race Concordance and Quality of Chronic Illness Care.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Trial
- Lifestyle and metabolic determinants of early- and late-onset colorectal cancer: insights from a tertiary medical center in Alabama.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2026Article
- Racial Differences in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Incident Hypertension: A Mediation Analysis.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- Usage and positivity rates of Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in a memory clinic.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Evidence of racial differences in peripheral blood pressure, central haemodynamics and arterial stiffness between young Black and White women.Experimental physiology · 2026Article
- Hypertension disparities among non-hispanic black adults.Journal of human hypertension · 2025Article
- Biological Age as a Predictor of Arterial Stiffness in Young and Early Midlife Black and White Women.American journal of hypertension · 2025Article
- Delayed Treatment, Lasting Consequences: The Need for Early Hypertension Diagnosis and Management in Young Adults.American journal of hypertension · 2025Article
- Intersecting transcriptomic landscapes of hypertension and kidney function in African American women.American journal of physiology. Renal physiology · 2025Article
- Hypertension Prevention and Healthy Life Expectancy in Black Adults: The Jackson Heart Study.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2025Article
- Racial and regional disparities in the risk of noncommunicable disease between sub-Saharan black and European white patients.Journal of hypertension · 2025Article
- Enhancing student understanding of cardiovascular disease burden in marginalized communities in the physiology classroom.Advances in physiology education · 2025Article
- Considerations in the clinical use of amyloid PET and CSF biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Review
- Tracking of blood pressure levels from childhood.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2025Review
- Electronic health records-integrated mobile health interventions in primary care to improve hypertension management in Black/African American populations: a systematic review.Oxford open digital health · 2025Article
- Discrepancies in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Perception Among African American Emerging Adults.Nursing (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Population-Level Gaps in Coronary Artery Disease Care: A Focused Review.Methodist DeBakey cardiovascular journal · 2025Review
- Article
- Evaluating chronic disease approaches to ameliorate tobacco-related health disparities: Study protocol of a hybrid type 1 implementation-effectiveness trial.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2024Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBlacks have higher blood pressure levels compared with whites beginning in childhood. Few data are available on racial differences in the incidence of hypertension from young adulthood through middle age. METHODS AND
resultsWe calculated the cumulative incidence of hypertension from age 18 to 55 years among participants in the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study. Incident hypertension was defined by the first visit with mean systolic blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg, mean diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mm Hg, or self-reported use of antihypertensive medication. Among 3890 participants without hypertension at baseline (aged 18-30 years), cumulative incidence of hypertension by age 55 years was 75.5%, 75.7%, 54.5%, and 40.0% in black men, black women, white men, and white women, respectively. Among participants with systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure <110 and 70, 110 to 119/70 to 74, and 120 to 129/75 to 79 mm Hg at baseline, blacks were more likely than whites to develop hypertension: multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios 1.97 (95% confidence interval, 1.65, 2.35), 1.80 (95% confidence interval, 1.52, 2.14), and 1.59 (95% confidence interval, 1.31, 1.93), respectively. Parental history of hypertension and higher body mass index, serum uric acid, and systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure categories were associated with a higher risk for hypertension among blacks and whites. A higher Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet adherence score was associated with a lower risk for hypertension in blacks and whites.
conclusionsRegardless of blood pressure level in young adulthood, blacks have a substantially higher risk for hypertension compared with whites through 55 years of age.
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