Observational studyBMC public health2018
Vaccine wastage in The Gambia: a prospective observational study.
Observational study in BMC public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Assessment of peste des petits ruminant's vaccine wastage along the vaccine supply chain in Mali.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Minimizing Vaccine Wastage in Nigeria: A National Assessment of Vaccine Wastage Rates and Potential Determinants.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Health system barriers to the first dose of measles immunization in Ethiopia: a qualitative study.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Article
- Non-restrictive open vial policy combined with the home visit vaccinations for improving BCG coverage in a high-incidence outreach region: A model-based cost-effectiveness analysis for Indonesia.Journal of global health · 2023Article
- Risk factors associated with non-vaccination in Gambian children: a population-based cohort study.Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · 2022Article
- A retrospective review of vaccine wastage and associated risk factors in the Littoral region of Cameroon during 2016-2017.BMC public health · 2022Article
- One vaccine to counter many diseases? Modeling the economics of oral polio vaccine against child mortality and COVID-19.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- An assessment of vaccine wastage in the Solomon Islands.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Vaccine usage and wastage in a designated Yellow Fever Vaccination Centre in North India.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2021Article
- Visibility and Analytics Network (VAN) approach to improve immunization supply chain and management performance system in Pakistan.Journal of global health · 2021Article
- The effectiveness of a dose based reporting tool in reducing vaccine wastage at primary care clinics in Delhi, India: an operational research study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Article
- Vaccine wastage at primary, secondary, and tertiary level of healthcare system-A study from Northern India.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2021Article
- Assessment of vaccine wastage in South Sudan.The Pan African medical journal · 2021Article
- Challenges and prospects of snake antivenom supply in sub-Saharan Africa.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Impact of Switch Options on the Economics of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) Introduction in Indonesia.Vaccines · 2020Review
- Estimation of the wastage rate of MMR and pentavalent vaccines in open and closed vials in three western provinces of Iran.Heliyon · 2020Article
- Documentation of vaccine wastage in two different geographic contexts under the universal immunization program in India.BMC public health · 2020Article
- Small Session Size and Big Vial Size: Operational Research Assessing Open Vial Vaccine Wastage at the Service Delivery Points in the Mandalay Region of Myanmar During 2018.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundVaccination is a cost-effective and life-saving intervention. Recently several new, but more expensive vaccines have become part of immunization programmes in low and middle income countries (LMIC). Monitoring vaccine wastage helps to improve vaccine forecasting and minimise wastage. As the costs of vaccination increases better vaccine management is essential. Many LMIC however do not consistently monitor vaccine wastage.
methodsWe conducted two surveys in health facilities in rural and urban Gambia; 1) a prospective six months survey in two regions to estimate vaccine wastage rates and type of wastage for each of the vaccines administered by the Expanded programme on Immunization (EPI) and 2) a nationwide cross sectional survey of health workers from randomly selected facilities to assess knowledge, attitude and practice on vaccine waste management. We used WHO recommended forms and standard questionnaires. Wastage rates were compared to EPI targets.
resultsWastage rates for the lyophilised vaccines BCG, Measles and Yellow Fever ranged from 18.5-79.0%, 0-30.9% and 0-55.0% respectively, mainly through unused doses at the end of an immunization session. Wastage from the liquid vaccines multi-dose/ single dose vials were minimal, with peaks due to expiry or breakage of the vaccine diluent. We interviewed 80 health workers and observed good knowledge. Batching children for BCG was uncommon (19%) whereas most health workers (73.4%) will open a vial as needed.
conclusionNational projected wastage targets were met for the multi-dose/single dose vials, but for lyophilised vaccines, the target was only met in the largest major health facility.
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