Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29995464›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of public health2018

A Clarification on Causal Questions: We Ask Them More Often Than We Realize.

Katrina L Kezios, Eleanor Hayes-Larson

Abstract readLetterComment
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of public health, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Causal Inference in Clinical Research: A Primer.Journal of periodontal research · 2026
    Review
  2. Observational
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Katrina L KeziosKatrina L. Kezios and Eleanor Hayes-Larson are PhD students in the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY.
Eleanor Hayes-LarsonKatrina L. Kezios and Eleanor Hayes-Larson are PhD students in the Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY.

Funding

RESEARCH TRAINING PROGRAM IN PSYCHIATRIC EPIDEMIOLOGYT32MH013043 · NIMH · COLUMBIA UNIV NEW YORK MORNINGSIDE · PI Katherine M. Keyes · 1985 to 2026
$11.7M
Training Program in Environmental Life Course EpidemiologyT32ES023772 · NIEHS · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI FACTOR-LITVAK, PAM R, PERERA, FREDERICA P · 2015 to 2019
$1.3M
NIEHS NIH HHS T32 ES023772NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH013043
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as

CausalityObservational Studies as TopicPublic Health

Identifiers

PMID29995464
PMCPMC6050847

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.