ArticleHealth economics2018
The effects of state-level pharmacist regulations on generic substitution of prescription drugs.
Article in Health economics, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Tough versus soft regulations to promote generic medications in Italy.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Pathways for non-manufacturers to drive generic drug repurposing for cancer in the U.S.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Utilization of Generic Cardiovascular Drugs in Medicare's Part D Program.Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes · 2021Article
- Knowledge, perceptions and practices of pharmacists regarding generic substitution in China: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Factors Associated With Prescriptions for Branded Medications in the Medicare Part D Program.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Expenditures for First- and Second-Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Before and After Transition of Imatinib to Generic Status.JAMA oncology · 2020Article
- The content of patient counseling about interchangeable medicines and generic substitution in Finnish community pharmacies - a survey of dispensers.BMC health services research · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Substituting generic for brand name drugs whenever possible has been proposed to control prescription drug expenditure growth in the United States. This work investigates two types of state laws that regulate the procedures under which pharmacists substitute bioequivalent generic versions of brand name drugs. Mandatory substitution laws require pharmacists to use the generic as a default, and presumed consent laws allow them to assume that the patient agrees to the substitution. Both situations can be overruled by the patient. Using plausibly exogenous changes in states' laws, we use difference-in-differences and a discrete choice model to show that although the mandatory switching laws have little effect, the presumed consent laws reduce consumers' probability of purchasing brand name drugs by 3.2% points. The differential effectiveness of the laws is likely caused by pharmacists' profit motives. These results offer important implications for policies that seek to reduce drug expenditures by incentivizing the use of generic drugs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.