Observational studyCirculation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes2018
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Cardiovascular Diseases: A Cohort Study of Men and Women Involved in Cleaning the Debris of the World Trade Center Complex.
Observational study in Circulation. Cardiovascular quality and outcomes, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 80 citations in OpenAlex.
- Associations between posttraumatic stress and stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of traumatic stress · 2023Pooled it
- Lower vascular conductance responses to handgrip exercise are improved following acute antioxidant supplementation in young individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder.Experimental physiology · 2024Trial
- Rt-fMRI neurofeedback-guided cognitive reappraisal training modulates amygdala responsivity in posttraumatic stress disorder.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2020Trial
- Sex-specific associations between potentially traumatic events and cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and older adults.Journal of traumatic stress · 2026Article
- Cardiac event-induced PTSD symptoms and continuous heart rate in coronary artery disease patients.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Article
- Psychological Scars and Physical Consequences: Linking PTSD to Cardiovascular Health.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- Post-Traumatic Growth and Quality of Life Among World Trade Center Health Registry Enrollees 16 Years After 9/11.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- The association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents and diabetes incidence and blood glucose levels among World Trade Center Health Program general responders.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Disparities in Utilization of the World Trade Center Health Program Among World Trade Center Rescue and Recovery Workers and Volunteers.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Mouse model of post-traumatic stress disorder negatively impacts cardiac homeostasis.Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology · 2025Article
- Neuroimaging in post-traumatic stress disorder: a narrative review.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2025Article
- PTSD, Comorbidities, Gender, and Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a Large Military Cohort.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Innate and adaptive immune system consequences of post-traumatic stress disorder.Autonomic neuroscience : basic & clinical · 2024Review
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Is Associated With Elevated Risk of Incident Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in Women Veterans.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Article
- Psychological Health and Ischemic Heart Disease in Women: A Review of Current Evidence and Clinical Considerations across the Healthspan.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2024Review
- Higher arterial stiffness and blunted vagal control of the heart in young women with compared to without a clinical diagnosis of PTSD.Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2024Article
- Addressing the Heart-Mind Connection.JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- Pathways Linking Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder to Incident Ischemic Heart Disease in Women: Call to Action.JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A State-of-the-art Review.Current neuropharmacology · 2024Review
- Association of Probable Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder with Dietary Pattern and Gut Microbiome in a Cohort of Women.Nature. Mental health · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe sought to determine whether post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a risk factor for myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, beyond the expected effects from recognized cardiovascular risk factors and depression. METHODS AND
resultsWorld Trade Center-Heart is an observational prospective cohort study of 6481 blue-collar first responders nested within the World Trade Center Health Program in New York City. Baseline measures in 2012 and 2013 included blood pressure, weight and height, and blood lipids. PTSD, depression, smoking, and dust exposure during the 2001 cleanup were self-reported. During the 4-year follow-up, outcomes were assessed through (1) interview-based incident, nonfatal MI, and stroke, validated in medical charts (n=118); and (2) hospitalizations for MI and stroke for New York city and state residents (n=180). Prevalence of PTSD was 19.9% in men and 25.9% in women, that is, at least twice that of the general population. Cumulative incidence of MI or stroke was consistently larger for men or women with PTSD across follow-up. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) were 2.22 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-3.82) for MI and 2.51 (95% CI, 1.39-4.57) for stroke. For pooled MI and stroke, adjusted HRs were 2.35 (95% CI, 1.57-3.52) in all and 1.88 (95% CI, 1.01-3.49) in men free of depression. Using hospitalization registry data, adjusted HRs were 2.17 (95% CI, 1.41-3.32) for MI; 3.01 (95% CI, 1.84-4.93) for stroke; and for pooled MI and stroke, the adjusted HR was 2.40 (95% CI, 1.73-3.34) in all, HR was 2.44 (95% CI, 1.05-5.55) in women, and adjusted HR was 2.27 (95% CI, 1.41-3.67) in men free of depression. World Trade Center dust exposure had no effect.
conclusionsThis cohort study confirms that PTSD is a risk factor for MI and stroke of similar magnitude in men and women, independent of depression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.