Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29991439›Full record

GuidelineJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2018

Polysomnography for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Should Include Arousal-Based Scoring: An American Academy of Sleep Medicine Position Statement.

Raman K Malhotra, Douglas B Kirsch, David A Kristo, Eric J Olson, Rashmi N Aurora, Kelly A Carden, Ronald D Chervin, Jennifer L Martin, Kannan Ramar, Carol L Rosen and 3 more

Open access · bronzeAbstract readPractice Guideline
In one paragraph

Guideline in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 93 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
93citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
7.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

93 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 166 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Characterizing Differences in Polysomnography Data for Children With Robin Sequence Undergoing Conservative and Surgical Management.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Rapid eye movement-related obstructive sleep apnea: a physiological phenotype predicting favorable outcomes following palatal surgery.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026
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  11. Redefining Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Multidimensional Phenotyping Beyond the Apnea-Hypopnea Index.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2026
    Review
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  17. [The role of body roundness index and a body size index in the assessment of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2026
    Article
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33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors at 11 institutions in 1 country.

Raman K MalhotraWashington University Sleep Center, St. Louis, Missouri.
Douglas B KirschCarolinas Healthcare Medical Group Sleep Services, Charlotte, North Carolina.
David A KristoUniversity of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Eric J OlsonDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Rashmi N AuroraJohns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Kelly A CardenSaint Thomas Medical Partners - Sleep Specialists, Nashville, Tennessee.
Ronald D ChervinUniversity of Michigan Sleep Disorders Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
Jennifer L MartinVeterans Affairs Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, California.
Kannan RamarDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center for Sleep Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
Carol L RosenDepartment of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals - Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.
James A RowleyWayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.
Ilene M RosenDivision of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
American Academy of Sleep Medicine Board of Directors
Mayo Clinic · USCarolinas Healthcare System · USJohns Hopkins University · USSt. Thomas Medical Group · USUniversity Hospitals of Cleveland · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · USUniversity of Michigan · USUniversity of Pennsylvania · USUniversity of Pittsburgh · USWashington University in St. Louis · USWayne State University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

abstractThe diagnostic criteria for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in adults, as defined in the International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Third Edition, requires an increased frequency of obstructive respiratory events demonstrated by in-laboratory, attended polysomnography (PSG) or a home sleep apnea test (HSAT). However, there are currently two hypopnea scoring criteria in The AASM Manual for the Scoring of Sleep and Associated Events: Rules, Terminology and Technical Specifications (AASM Scoring Manual). This dichotomy results in differences among laboratory reports, patient treatments and payer policies. Confusion occurs regarding recognizing and scoring "arousal-based respiratory events" during OSA testing. "Arousal-based scoring" recognizes hypopneas associated with electroencephalography-based arousals, with or without significant oxygen desaturation, when calculating an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), or it includes respiratory effort-related arousals (RERAs), in addition to hypopneas and apneas, when calculating a respiratory disturbance index (RDI). Respiratory events associated with arousals, even without oxygen desaturation, cause significant, and potentially dangerous, sleep apnea symptoms. During PSG, arousal-based respiratory scoring should be performed in the clinical evaluation of patients with suspected OSA, especially in those patients with symptoms of excessive daytime sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, or other neurocognitive symptoms. Therefore, it is the position of the AASM that the

Indexed as

Sleep Medicine SpecialtyAcademies and InstitutesArousalHumansPolysomnographySleep Apnea, ObstructiveUnited Statesarousal-based scoringobstructive sleep apneapolysomnography

Identifiers

PMID29991439
PMCPMC6040795
OpenAlexW2883293965

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.