ArticleNature immunology2018
Second signals rescue B cells from activation-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and death.
Article in Nature immunology, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 158 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
158 citing papers in PubMed, 238 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dimethyl fumarate treatment restrains the antioxidative capacity of T cells to control autoimmunity.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2021Trial
- Geranylgeranylation is required for B-cell proliferation and plasma cell survival implications for autoimmune therapy.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- A guide to B cell metabolism.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2026Review
- scGSI: Graph-guided self-supervised integration of paired single-cell multi-omics.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Human Peripheral B Cell Subsets: Evolving notions about B cell biology and the broad relevance of B cells in disease.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Rethinking the origins and functions of adaptive immunity.Trends in immunology · 2026Review
- Ptpn2 limits plasma cell fate and antiviral immunity by integrating B cell receptor and IFN-γ signals in B cells.Science advances · 2026Article
- Molecular and biophysical requirements for B cell receptor-dependent enhancement of dengue virus infection.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Vitamin B5 supports anti-PD1 response in HER2-positive gastric cancer and enhances interaction between naïve B cells and T cells.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Multiomics Profiling During Autoimmune Demyelination Highlights a Complex Regulatory Role for Ataxin-1 in B Cells.Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · 2026Article
- New insights to B cell tolerance involving the mechanosensitive ion channel Piezo1.BMB reports · 2026Review
- Virus-like antigen display delivers a stand-alone danger signal through the BCR that circumvents tolerance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Distributed apoptotic checkpoints in B cell selection, tolerance, and autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immune regulation and cell metabolism in B cell subsets in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- B-cell peripheral tolerance: think dynamics beyond affinity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- MIZ-1 controls transcriptional programs required for BCR signaling, actin dynamics, and naïve B cell survival.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Early-onset CLL is characterized by enhanced microenvironment-driven metabolic fitness, increased proliferative bias, and accelerated disease progression.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Genetic determinism of fatty acid composition in liver, muscle, backfat and plasma and its link to immunocompetence and performance in pigs.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Immunometabolism: crosstalk with tumor metabolism and implications for cancer immunotherapy.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Single-cell transcriptomics reveals apolipoprotein A4-mediated metabolic-immune reprogramming in lymphocytes during early obesity-related chronic kidney disease.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2025Article
98 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
B cells are activated by two temporally distinct signals, the first provided by the binding of antigen to the B cell antigen receptor (BCR), and the second provided by helper T cells. Here we found that B cells responded to antigen by rapidly increasing their metabolic activity, including both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. In the absence of a second signal, B cells progressively lost mitochondrial function and glycolytic capacity, which led to apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction was a result of the gradual accumulation of intracellular calcium through calcium response-activated calcium channels that, for approximately 9 h after the binding of B cell antigens, was preventable by either helper T cells or signaling via the receptor TLR9. Thus, BCR signaling seems to activate a metabolic program that imposes a limited time frame during which B cells either receive a second signal and survive or are eliminated.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.