Observational studyDrug safety2018
Changes in Outpatient Use of Antibiotics by Adults in the United States, 2006-2015.
Observational study in Drug safety, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Wastewater surveillance reveals patterns of antibiotic resistance across the United States.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Outpatient Antibiotic Use and Costs in Adults: A Nationwide Register-Based Study in Finland 2008-2019.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Epidemiology of Antibiotic Use and Drivers of Cross-Border Procurement in a Mexican American Border Community.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Breaking the Ambulatory Antibiotic Prescribing Cycle with All-Antibiotic Stewardship, Patient Stewardship, and Visit Stewardship.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Non-Visit-Based and Non-Infection-Related Antibiotic Use in the US: A Cohort Study of Privately Insured Patients During 2016-2018.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Outpatient Fluoroquinolone Use in Children, 2000-2018.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2021Article
- Prevalence and Determinants of Antibiotic Consumption in the Elderly during 2006-2017.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Changes in US Outpatient Antibiotic Prescriptions From 2011-2016.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing in Massachusetts, 2011-2015.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Appropriateness of outpatient antibiotic prescribing among privately insured US patients: ICD-10-CM based cross sectional study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionNumerous initiatives over the past decade have targeted the problem of antibiotic overuse in the US; however, the cumulative impact of such initiatives upon recent patterns of use is not known.
objectivesThe aims of this study were to (1) describe general trends in outpatient antibiotic use among adults over the period 2006-2015; and (2) identify rapid shifts in use during this time period as potential indicators for key events.
methodsThis was an observational study set in the ambulatory setting. Patients ≥ 18 years of age were selected from the Optum Clinformatics Datamart™, a commercial insurance claims database. The outcome measures of interest were prescriptions filled/1000 enrolled individuals, by year or quarter. We used linear regression to identify trends in use over multiple years, and change-point regression to identify rapid shifts in use within individual years.
resultsFrom 2006 to 2015, antibiotic use declined significantly, decreasing by 12% for adults younger than 65 years of age (913-807 prescriptions/1000 individuals, p = 0.0001) and by 5% for adults ≥ 65 years of age (991-943 prescriptions/1000 individuals, p = 0.018). With change-point regression, we identified a number of rapid shifts in the use of specific antibiotic classes, such as downward shifts in the use of quinolones and macrolides during the second quarter of 2008 and 2013, respectively.
conclusionsOver the period 2006-2015 outpatient use of antibiotics decreased substantially among adults. Rapid shifts in use occurring in 2008 and 2013 may reflect the presence of key drivers of change, such as abrupt changes in access to care or perceived antibiotic safety.
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Registered trials
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