Evidence map›Paper›PMID 29987135›Full record

ArticleEMBO reports2018

Phosphorylation switches Bax from promoting to inhibiting apoptosis thereby increasing drug resistance.

Justin Kale, Ozgur Kutuk, Glauber Costa Brito, Tallulah S Andrews, Brian Leber, Anthony Letai, David W Andrews

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in EMBO reports, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
61citing papers in PubMed
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

61 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Molecular Mechanisms of Cadmium-Induced Apoptosis in Fish Cells: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
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1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 6 institutions in 5 countries.

Justin KaleBiological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-4915-0806
Ozgur KutukDepartment of Medical Genetics, Adana Medical and Research Center, Baskent University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey.ORCID 0000-0001-9854-7220
Glauber Costa BritoFaculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.
Tallulah S AndrewsWellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
Brian LeberDepartments of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, and Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Anthony LetaiDepartment of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA anthony_letai@dfci.harvard.edu david.andrews@sri.utoronto.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-1993-9013
David W AndrewsBiological Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada anthony_letai@dfci.harvard.edu david.andrews@sri.utoronto.ca.ORCID 0000-0002-9266-7157
Sunnybrook Health Science Centre · CABaşkent University · TRDana-Farber Cancer Institute · USMcMaster University · CAUniversidade Federal da Grande Dourados · BRWellcome Sanger Institute · GB

Funding

Quantitative Analysis of Cell Death Pathways in CancerP01CA139980 · NCI · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI WEISSLEDER, MD, PHD, RALPH · 2010 to 2014
$9.0M
Probing mitochondria and personalizing leukemia therapy with BH3 profilingR01CA129974 · NCI · DANA-FARBER CANCER INST · PI LETAI, ANTHONY G · 2007 to 2016
$3.2M
CIHR FRN12517NCI NIH HHS P01 CA139980NCI NIH HHS R01 CA129974
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Akt is a pro-survival kinase frequently activated in human cancers and is associated with more aggressive tumors that resist therapy. Here, we connect Akt pathway activation to reduced sensitivity to chemotherapy via Akt phosphorylation of Bax at residue S184, one of the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins required for cells to undergo apoptosis. We show that phosphorylation by Akt converts the pro-apoptotic protein Bax into an anti-apoptotic protein. Mechanistically, we show that phosphorylation (i) enables Bax binding to pro-apoptotic BH3 proteins in solution, and (ii) prevents Bax inserting into mitochondria. Together, these alterations promote resistance to apoptotic stimuli by sequestering pro-apoptotic activator BH3 proteins. Bax phosphorylation correlates with cellular resistance to BH3 mimetics in primary ovarian cancer cells. Further, analysis of the TCGA database reveals that 98% of cancer patients with increased

Indexed as

ApoptosisDrug Resistance, Neoplasmbcl-2-Associated X ProteinBreast NeoplasmsCell Membrane PermeabilityCells, CulturedFemaleHumansMCF-7 CellsMitochondriaMutationOvarian NeoplasmsPeptide FragmentsPhosphorylationProtein BindingProto-Oncogene ProteinsBax protein (53-86)bcl-2-Associated X ProteinPeptide FragmentsProto-Oncogene ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktAktBaxBcl‐2 family proteinscancerdrug resistance

Identifiers

PMID29987135
PMCPMC6123645
OpenAlexW2814684853

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.