ArticleThe International journal on drug policy2018
Transitions in income generation among marginalized people who use drugs: A qualitative study on recycling and vulnerability to violence.
Article in The International journal on drug policy, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed.
- Increases in employment over six months following Khanya: A secondary analysis of a pilot randomized controlled trial of a peer-delivered behavioral intervention for substance use and HIV medication adherence in Cape Town, South Africa.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Trial
- Payday Loan Use Among People With Lived and Living Experience of Substance Use.Drug and alcohol review · 2026Article
- THE GENDER SEGREGATION OF PRECARIOUS WORK CONTEXTS AMONG PEOPLE WHO USE DRUGS.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2026Article
- Understanding Drug and Alcohol Staff Perspectives on the Barriers and Facilitators to Drug Checking: A Qualitative Study.Drug and alcohol review · 2025Article
- Material hardship, forced displacement, and negative health outcomes among unhoused people who use drugs in Los Angeles, California and Denver, Colorado: a latent class analysis.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Material Hardship, Forced Displacement, and Negative Health Outcomes Among Unhoused People Who Use Drugs in Los Angeles, California and Denver, Colorado: A Latent Class Analysis.Research square · 2024Article
- Patterns of care contacts in the final year of life among opioid overdose fatalities in southern Sweden: a latent class analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- "Will you need this health at all? Will you be alive?": using the bioecological model of mass trauma to understand HIV care experiences during the war in Ukraine.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2024Article
- Experiences of violence during the COVID-19 pandemic among people who use drugs in a Canadian setting: a gender-based cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Prevalence and predictors of sex under the influence of psychoactive substances among young people in informal settlements in Kampala, Uganda.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Cohort Profile: The Assessing Economic Transitions (ASSET) Study-A Community-Based Mixed-Methods Study of Economic Engagement among Inner-City Residents.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Young People Who Use Drugs Views Toward the Power and Authority of Police Officers.Contemporary drug problems · 2022Article
- A qualitative exploration of daily path and daily routine among people in Ukraine who inject drugs to understand associated harms.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2022Article
- Taking Care of Business in a Male - Dominated Drug Economy: Income Strategies, Risks, and Opportunities of Women Who Use Drugs.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2022Article
- The role of cannabis in pain management among people living with HIV who use drugs: A qualitative study.Drug and alcohol review · 2021Article
- Negotiating sex work and client interactions in the context of a fentanyl-related overdose epidemic.Culture, health & sexuality · 2021Article
- Income generation and the patterning of substance use: A gender-based analysis.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Organizational support for frontline harm reduction and systems navigation work among workers with living and lived experience: qualitative findings from British Columbia, Canada.Harm reduction journal · 2021Article
- Essential work, precarious labour: The need for safer and equitable harm reduction work in the era of COVID-19.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Article
- Drug-related harm coinciding with income assistance payments: results from a community-based cohort of people who use drugs.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2021Observational
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIncome is an important determinant of health among people who use drugs (PWUD). However, understanding transitions between differing types of income generation within the formal and informal economy and how they can be shaped by vulnerability to risk and harm remain poorly understood. This study examines how transitions in income-generating activities are shaped by and influence exposure to violence among marginalised PWUD, in Vancouver, Canada's, Downtown Eastside (DTES) neighbourhood.
methodsQualitative interviews were conducted with twenty-six individuals engaged in informal and illegal income-generating activities in the DTES. Interview transcripts were analyzed thematically, focusing on relationships between income generation and violence during the study period between January 2014 to April 2015 and drew upon concepts of social violence when interpreting these themes.
resultsParticipants' engagement in informal and illegal income-generating activities represented a means to negotiate survival given multiple barriers to formal employment and inadequate economic supports. Our findings highlight how informal and illegal income-generating activities in the DTES are characterized by structural, symbolic and everyday violence, while transitions from 'high risk' (e.g., sex work, drug dealing) to perceived 'low risk' (e.g., recycling) activities represent attempts to reduce exposure to violence. However, participants emphasized how informal income generation was nonetheless shaped by structural violence (e.g., gendered hierarchies and police harassment), experienced as everyday violence, and introduced exposure to alternate risks.
conclusionOur findings underscore the critical role of income generation in shaping exposure to violence, highlighting the need for low-threshold employment interventions targeting PWUD as a central component of harm reduction strategies.
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