ArticleJournal of visualized experiments : JoVE2018
Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Kindling Mouse Model.
Article in Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE, 2018. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 111 papers.
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Who cites it
111 citing papers in PubMed, 223 citations in OpenAlex.
- A stereotaxic surgical protocol for posterior and total corpus callosotomy in adult Wistar rats using the WIN-PTZ kindling model.MethodsX · 2026Article
- Antiepileptic and antiepileptogenic effects ofIBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Adeno-Associated Virus Vector-Mediated Expression of Neuroligin 2 in the Mouse Hippocampus Attenuates the Progression of Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizures.The journal of gene medicine · 2026Article
- Reduction of forebrain interneurons alters cellular organization and cortical neurogenesis in a mouse model of X-linked intellectual disability.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A compact GAD67 promoter enables inhibitory neuron-targeted AAV gene therapy for seizure suppression.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Dynamic alterations in cardiac autonomic regulation during recurrent generalized seizures.iScience · 2026Article
- ATP13A4 gates extracellular polyamine levels to control excitatory synaptogenesis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Impact of Imipenem on Cognitive Function, Anxiety-like Behaviour, Neurogenesis, and Astrogliosis in Pentylenetetrazol-Kindled Rats.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Acute rapamycin treatment reveals distinct mechanisms of dysfunction in a maternal inflammation mouse model.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Effects of Clopidogrel on the Anticonvulsant Efficacy of Valproic Acid and Levetiracetam in a PTZ-Induced Seizure Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Beneficial Modulation of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis by Supplementation with Modified Kodo Millet Bran and a GABA-Producing Bacterium in PTZ-Induced Kindling.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- SUR1-TRPM4 is expressed in human epilepsy and promotes neuron hyperactivity and seizures in rodents.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Current review on inducible nitric oxide synthase and Src tyrosine kinase inhibitors as disease-modifiers in preclinical models of epilepsy.Histology and histopathology · 2026Review
- Engineered Living Systems With Self-Organizing Neural Networks: From Anatomy to Behavior and Gene Expression.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- AAV-mediated gene therapy in a model of SLC13A5 citrate transporter disorder rescues epileptic and metabolic phenotypes.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Article
- Cortical Somatostatin Neurons Regulate Seizure Susceptibility via MINAR1/Gαs-cAMP Signaling.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Dose escalation in pentylenetetrazol kindling detects differences in chronic seizure susceptibility.Epilepsy research · 2026Article
- Planarian behavioral screening is a useful invertebrate model for evaluating seizurogenic chemicals.Neurotoxicology · 2026Article
- Reducing methylation of histone 3.3 lysine 4 in the medial ganglionic eminence and hypothalamus recapitulates neurodevelopmental disorder phenotypes.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Development of Novel Small-Molecule Targeting SCN1A-Associated Severe Myoclonic Epilepsy of Infancy.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
51 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) is a GABA-A receptor antagonist. An intraperitoneal injection of PTZ into an animal induces an acute, severe seizure at a high dose, whereas sequential injections of a subconvulsive dose have been used for the development of chemical kindling, an epilepsy model. A single low-dose injection of PTZ induces a mild seizure without convulsion. However, repetitive low-dose injections of PTZ decrease the threshold to evoke a convulsive seizure. Finally, continuous low-dose administration of PTZ induces a severe tonic-clonic seizure. This method is simple and widely applicable to investigate the pathophysiology of epilepsy, which is defined as a chronic disease that involves repetitive seizures. This chemical kindling protocol causes repetitive seizures in animals. With this method, vulnerability to PTZ-mediated seizures or the degree of aggravation of epileptic seizures was estimated. These advantages have led to the use of this method for screening anti-epileptic drugs and epilepsy-related genes. In addition, this method has been used to investigate neuronal damage after epileptic seizures because the histological changes observed in the brains of epileptic patients also appear in the brains of chemical-kindled animals. Thus, this protocol is useful for conveniently producing animal models of epilepsy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.